Lutterworth, John Wycliffe's town

LUTTERWORTH

THE STORY OF
JOHN WYCLIFFE'S TOWN

A.H.DYSON

LUTTERWORTH

VIKW OK LUTTKRWORTH FROM liRllxiK

LUTTERWORTH

JOHN WYCLIFFE'S TOWN

BY

A. H. DYSON

//
EDITED BY

HUGH GOODAGRE

WITH TWENTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS

METHUEN & CO. LTD.

36 ESSEX STREET W.Q

LONDON

First Published in igij

PREFACE

ARCH. 'OOLOGY spreads a broad net, and
much of its best spade-work has been done
by men who owe their education entirely to
their own industry and perseverance. We have
had a notable instance of this in Leicestershire in
the person of Richard Fowke of Elmsthorpe, the
friend of Nichols, to whom the county historian
was indebted for much valuable information. Another
such a one we now possess in Mr. A. H. Dyson,
one of the best respected tradesmen in Lutterworth.
With an enthusiastic persistence he has accumulated
such a mass of material connected with the history
of his native town as to render the task of the
editorial sieve by no means an easy one. Friends,
however, have not been lacking, and I have to
record my indebtedness to the Earl of Denbigh
for permission to reproduce some of the valuable
portraits in his collection at Newnham Paddox ;
to the Lady Agnes Feilding for the section dealing
with the Feilding family; to Mr. S. Perkins Pick
and Mr. C Bassett-Smith for notes on the archi-

vi LUTTERWORTH

tectural features of the parish church ; to Major
Stoney-Smith for leave to reprint the interesting
reminiscences of William Green ; and to numerous
other friends who have rendered me assistance in
one way or another.

Both Mr. Bottrill and Mr. J. Abbott have already
published excellent cheap handbooks to Lutterworth,
but it has long been felt that the town offered
ample material for a more ambitious work, and
it is hoped that the present book will possess an
interest, not merely for the inhabitants of Lutter-
worth, but for the general reading public and for the
thousands of visitors to the shrine of Wycliffe who
annually traverse the streets of this little midland
town.

As far as my own work is concerned it has been

a labour of love.

HUGH GOODACRE

Ullesthorpe Court
"^th July 19 13

CONTENTS

Preface .......

I. Geographical and Physical Features
II. In the Days of the Romans

III. The Anglo-Saxon Period

IV. Norman Lutterworth and its Early Lords

V. Lutter\vorth from the Fourteenth to the
Sixteenth Centuries .

VI. St. Mary's Church

VII. John Wycliffe

VIII. The Lollards

IX. The John of Gaunt Fresco

X. The Holy Well of St. John

XI. The Rebuilding of the Church

XII. The Fresco over the Chancel Arch

XIII. Wycliffe Relics preserved in the Church

XIV. Lutterworth in the Time of the Civil War

XV. The Feildings, Lords of the Manor of Luttkr
worth ......

XV'I. Administration of Law in Lutterworth

XVII. Trade in Lutterworth

PACE
V

I

3
9

23
29

32
40
42
46
48
53
55
57

63
80
86

Vlll

LUTTERWORTH

XVIII. The Mills ......

XIX. The Great Storm of 1703, and Destruction of
THE Church Spire .....

XX. Lutterworth, i 750-1 800 ....

XXI. The Last of the Resident Feildings

XXII. The Restoration of the Church and Discovery
of Glass Vial, 1865-70 ....
The Windows— The Bells— The Fonts— The
Organs— The Church Plate— The Lectern
—The Reredos— The Alderson Chair— The
Monuments— List of Rectors

XXIII. Notable Lutterworth Families

XXIV. William Green .....
XXV. Amos Drake Miles ....

XXVI. Sports and Pastimes ....

XXVII. Cricket

XXVIII. The Murder of John Parsons Cook

XXIX. Mechanics Institution

XXX. The Horticultural and Cottage Gardeners
Society .....

XXXI. The Gooseberry Show Society

XXXI I. Local Charities ....

Appendix (a) Brief for Repairing the Church

„ (i) Charity Commission Report

„ (c) Population of Lutterworth .

Index .....

PAce
89

94
99

107

no

133

140

155
159
164
170
176

178
179
182
185
190
192

193

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

View of Lutterworth from Bridge

Photo, Taunt, Oxford

. Frontispiece

FACING PACK

12

Anglo-Saxon Jewel found at Newton
Glass Vial found at Lutterworth Church . .12

Cromwellian Plate Chest from Lutterworth Church . 12
Plan of Lutterworth Church . . . • 30

By C. Bassett-Smith

Portrait of John Wycliffe . . . . -32

From the painting in the possession of the Earl of Denbigh

John of Gaunt Fresco in Lutterworth Church . . 42

From a drawing by T. C. Barfield

West Arch of Lutterworth Church . . -52

From a drawing by T. C. Barfield

Interior of Lutterworth Church showing Fresco over

Chancel Arch ...... 54

Photo, F. D. Jarrom

Elizabethan Communion Table in Lutterworth Church 56

Photo, F. D. Jarrom

Cole Arms, Laughton Church . . . . .60

From a drawing by T. C. Barjield

Portrait of First Earl of Denbigh . . . .68

From the painting in the possession of the Far I of Denbigh

Portrait of Susan, Countess of Denbigh . . .72

From the painting in the possession of the Earl of Denbigh

Iron Gates at Newnham Paddox . . . .78

Photo, Speight, Rugby

Restoration of Lutterworth Church Spire . , 96

From a drawing by C Bassett-Smith

Two Pairs of Brasses in Lutterworth Church . .128

Portraits of the Rev. Richard Wilson and his Wife . 134

From paintings in the possession of 1 1 ugh (ioudaire, F.Sij.

Feilding Tomb, in Lutterworth Church . . .136

Miniature of John Goodacre, Esq., of Ullesthorpe . 136

In the possession of Hugh Goodacre, Esq.

IX

-41

LUTTERWORTH

THE STORY OF JOHN WYCLIFFE'S TOWN

I

GEOGRAPHICAL AND PHYSICAL
FEATURES

THE small Leicestershire market town of
Lutterworth stands on an eminence especially
marked as we approach it from the south, and
forms a charming picture with its pinnacled church
rising above the roofs of its houses and the little river
Swift meandering through the meadows in the valley
below.

In spite of the rush of express trains through its
outskirts and the vibration of motor-cars through its
streets, it wears to-day much the same air of somno-
lent respectability which it wore in the early days of
the last century. It is the centre of a rich grazing
district, 13 miles south by west of Leicester, 13 miles
west of Market Harborough, 8 miles north of Rugby,
and 89 miles north-west by north of London, with a
station on the Great Central Railway.

In common with several other places, Lutterworth

claims the distinction of being the central town of the

kingdom ; but, however debatable this may be, there

is one point in connexion with its situation which

I

2 LUTTERWORTH

admits of no gainsaying : it stands upon one of the
most important watersheds in the British Isles.
This is a fact demonstrable every rainy day, when
the water coursing down the High Street to the
Swift is borne by the Avon to the Severn and out
into the Atlantic, while within two miles north of
the town the water finds its way by a small brooklet
into the river Soar and thence by the Trent into the
Humber and the German Ocean.

At Gilmorton, a neighbouring village, the situa-
tion is accentuated, for here the church stands at the
parting of the ways and the waters on the north
flow northwards, while those on the south follow
the opposite direction.

This phenomenon was known to the poet Drayton
( 1 563-1 651), who described the Swift as "a little
brook which, forsaking her sister the Soar, applies
herself wholly to the Avon."

In olden days there was apparently a further
natural phenomenon which distinguished our town,
for in British Cttriosities in N attire and Art, pub-
lished in 1713, we are informed that Lutterworth
was chiefly remarkable "for that near it is a water
that petrifieth (or turneth to stone) wood and stubble."
This apparently has reference to a spring of water in
a field in the Woodmarket, opposite the residence of
Dr. Fagge, and still known as " Spring Close." It
would seem to have lost its petrifying properties, if in
reality it ever had any.

Having thus defined the geographical situation
of our town and referred to its principal physical
features, we are now in a position to begin our story.

II

IN THE DAYS OF THE ROMANS

THERE are various ways of beginning a story.
The antiquary sometimes begins at the end.
This may savour somewhat of an Irishism,
yet, for all that, it has much to recommend it when
treating of the remote past, for by working back
from the known to the unknown, and linking certainty
to uncertainty, he is enabled to forge a stronger chain
than by pursuing the reverse process.

But as our book makes no claim to be regarded
as a learned antiquarian treatise, and as our soil has
hitherto yielded no relic of primitive man, we shall
make bold to commence exactly where it best suits
our own convenience, neither at the becjinnine nor
at the end, but at that moment in the history of our
country when the legions of Imperial Rome had
made themselves master of what are now known
as "the Midlands." This was somewhere about the
middle of the first century a.d.

It would be out of place here to enter into a
lengthy consideration of the conditions of England
under the Roman domination, as there is no evidence
of Lutterworth's existence at that date ; on the con-
trary, its very name suggests a later origin. At the
same time, the proximity of the important town of

4 LUTTERWORTH

Ratae (Leicester) and the station Venonae at the
hamlet of Bittesby, in the parish of Claybrook, make
it permissible to picture to ourselves our primeval
woods, still the haunt of wolf, of deer, and of wild
boar, echoing the tread of some stroller from the
great military roads which already traversed this
part of the country.

And of these roads there are two of the first
importance, passing now, as then, within a few miles
of our town, the Watling Street and the Fosse Way.
The former was the great north road of the Romans,
starting at Richborough on the coast of Kent,
passing through Canterbury, Rochester, and London,
and reaching Leicestershire near the village of
Catthorpe. From here it forms the boundary be-
tween Leicestershire and Warwickshire for about i8
miles, and then, crossing the Anker at Witherby,
proceeds on its way to Tommen-y-Manor in Wales,
where it divides into two branches, the one running
by Beddgelert to Carnarvon and Holyhead, and the
other by Chester and Manchester to Scotland. The
other Roman road to which we have referred, the
Fosse Way, was the great highway between the
south-west and the north-east of Britain. It enters
Leicestershire at High Cross, in the parish of Clay-
brook, 5j miles as the crow flies north-west of Lutter-
worth, and, crossing the Watling Street, proceeds in
the direction of Leicester. At the point where the
two roads intersect a monument was erected at the
instance of Basil, Earl of Denbigh, in 1712.

It was long assumed that the station Venonae
was situated at High Cross itself, but Mr. Barnett, in
Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries (vol. i.

L\ THE DAYS OF THE ROiMANS 5

p. 37), has given good reasons for believing that this
assumption was incorrect. The Itinerary of Antonius,
in the Second Iter, states the distance of Venonae
from Manduessedo (Mancetta) as xii m.p., the
Roman mile [nii/le pass7is) being about equal to our
own. Now 12 miles along the Watling Street from
Mancetta carries us to a spot about 2 miles beyond
High Cross, and here, in a field still known as "the
Old or Great Township," and which tradition asserts
to be the site of a buried city, have been found in-
dubitable traces of a Roman settlement. Corrobora-
tive evidence is also afforded by the Iter itself, which
places the west station Beneventa at xvii m.p. from
Venonae. Now at precisely this distance from the
Old Township, between Norton and Whilton on the
Watling Street, have been unearthed remains testify-
ing to the former existence there of a Roman station
of some importance.

These discoveries brin"- Venonae almost within
the boundaries of the civil parish of Lutterworth,
and make it allowable for us to include a visit to
the Old Township in our history. Taking the
Coventry Road, in about 2h miles we reach the
Watlinor Street at what is known as the Cross-in-
hand. Turning abruptly to the right, we follow the
ancient way for a little over a mile, when we come to
a level crossing over the Midland Railway, and a
little distance beyond to a gate on the right-hand
side leading to a footpath to Ullcsthorpe. Follow-
ing this footpath, we soon find ourselves in a large
grass field. This is the Old Township, and at the
extreme corner, near the railway embankment, the
uncvenness of the ground discloses what is believed

6 LUTTERWORTH

to be the site of the ancient Venonae. When the
line was in course of construction numerous objects
were unearthed hereabouts ; but unfortunately no
record of their nature or the exact spot where they
were found has been preserved. Many of these
objects came into the hands of the late Mr. Simons
of Ullesthorpe ; but his son, who died a few years ago,
was unable to state what had become of them, nor
could he recall of what they consisted. From the
fact that the railway travels over an embankment at
the point indicated as the site of the buried city, it is
probable that anything unearthed here was found in
excavating for ballast at the side of the line. In an
old newspaper we read that workmen engaged on the
line came upon the foundations of a Roman villa at
Bittesby (the hamlet in which the Old Township is
situated). It disclosed a building of considerable
dimensions, with a beautiful tessellated pavement and
the remains of a bath.

In 1725 some men digging for clay in Lutterworth
are reported to have unearthed sixty denarii and a
few large brass coins. The former comprised coins
of Julius Caesar, Trajan, and Vespasian.

Evidence of the Roman occupation of this part
of the country has also come to light, not merely in
the Old Township, but in the neighbourhood of High
Cross, and, quite recently, a well and part of a paved
way have been discovered at Wibtoft on the Watling
Street between Bittesby and High Cross. In the
small museum at Ullesthorpe Court is a denarius of
Domitian and a little brass imitation of a Roman
coin such as was in circulation in this country after
the withdrawal of the Romans. Both were ploughed

IN THE DAYS OF THE ROMANS

up at High Cross. Slightly farther afield, namely,
at Ashby Parva, a first brass coin of Hadrian was
found in the rectory garden a few years since.
This, too, is preserved in the same collection. It
bears on the obverse the laureate head of the
Emperor with the legend Hadrianvs Avgvstvs
p.p., and on the reverse Hilaritas holding a palm
branch and cornucopia, standing between two chil-
dren, and reads Hilaritas p.r. cos. hi s.c. In
the Luttoivoyth Parish Magazine for April 1865
the late Archdeacon Pownall described a hoard
of Roman coins said to have been found in Lutter-
worth itself in the previous year. Doubtless the
insane laws of Treasure Trove which have wrouijht
the destruction of countless treasures are responsible
for the concealment of the precise provenance. The
coins, which were all of the base metal known as
" billon," consisted of —

Name.

Date.

Number.

A.D.

Volusianus

252-254

I

Valerianus

253-260

3

Gallienus

254-26S

33

Salonina (wife of Gallienus)

I

Saloninus (son of Gallienus)

—

I

Postumus

258-268

37

Victorinus .

265-267

130

Marius

267

I

Tetricus, sen.

268-272

I

Tetricus, jun.

268-272

2

Claudius Gothicus

16S-270

16

Quintillus .

270

5

TotJ

il .

_ .,

231

Throsby, the historian, has left the record of
having himself seen a fine Roman urn found at

8 LUTTERWORTH

Bittesby, and the Rev. A. Macaulay, in his History
of Claybrook, quoting from Gough's Camden, says
that " Mr. Lee of Leicester had a Roman urn
found in digging a vault (apparently at or near High
Cross) for the late Lord Denbigh with eleven more,
covered with Roman bricks."

Ill

THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD

NO history exists which tells of the commence-
ment of our town. All that can be gathered
must be inferred from the general history of
the time to which its name leads us to assign its
origin.

Of the three main Teutonic invasions of this
country, that by the Angles was undoubtedly of the
greatest moment, and yet, curiously enough, as Prof.
Church points out, we know less of the Angles than
of either of their forerunners, the Jutes and the
Saxons. Ptolemy speaks of them as inhabiting part
of the left bank of the river Elbe ; but later on we find
them living in that projecting piece of land known as
the Cimbric peninsula containing Holstein, Schleswig,
and Jutland. It is from this country that Bede speaks
of them as migrating in such numbers that their own
homes were left desolate. And just as we know less
of the antecedents of the Angles than of the other
stocks of Germanic conquerors, so there is no part of
the Teutonic conquest of England more obscure than
that of the Midlands by the Mercians. That these
" Men of the Marshes " were Angles from the eastern
parts of the country is certain ; but it is probable
that they contained an admixture of Saxons from

10 LUTTERWORTH

the west. Evidence of this is found in the lack of
unity of feehng and action which characterized the
other states, and may even be traced to a certain
extent in the relics preserved in the district. Prob-
ably we shall not be far wrong in assigning the
first settlement of our Anglo-Saxon predecessors in
Lutterworth to about the close of the sixth or the
beginning of the seventh century a.d.

The chronicler has preserved a terrible picture
of the ruthless pagans who overran our land,
plundering cities and country alike, spreading con-
flagration from east to west. Public as well as
private structures were overturned, priests were slain
before the altars, prelates and people, without respect
of persons, were destroyed with fire and sword, nor
was there any to bury them. Some, with sorrowful
hearts, fled beyond the seas ; others, continuing in
their own country, led a miserable existence among
the woods and mountains, with scarcely enough food
to support life and expecting every moment to be
their last.

But from this chaotic beginning was gradually
evolved the civilization which has made the England
of to-day. As these invaders took possession of the
land their chiefs divided it amongst themselves and,
settling on their possessions with their families and
followers, turned their attention to the cultivation of
the soil. As a rule they avoided the buildings and
walled towns of the former civilization, preferring
to make clearings for themselves in the primeval
forests. These family settlements frequently became
known by the name of the chief to whom they be-
longed, and with a termination descriptive of the nature

THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD li

of the holding have remained with us to-day as
memorials of our remote ancestors, more durable than
any other which could have been devised. As was
natural in the turbulent days in which they were
erected, many of the dwellings were surrounded by
a stockade, a feature preserved in the suffixes yard^
stoke, and ivorth (Anglo-Saxon wcorthig).

With this information at our disposal it is not
difficult to see how our town originated. It was, in
fact, none other than the fortified enclosure of a chief-
tain whose name, in all probability, is pronounced
to-day as it was thirteen centuries ago, for it is
interesting to note that the name Lutter also survives
in the Duchy of Brunswick, where we find both a
Lutter and a Lutterberg.

Of this Lutter who settled in Leicestershire in
the sixth or seventh century we have no further
record ; but still to him we look with filial veneration
as the first definite form emerging from the shadow-
land of our Past. And then, just as in nature after
the promise of dispersion, the mists again collect and
gloom once more settles down, so after this one faint
rift in the clouds darkness again descends upon us — a
darkness more intense than that which preceded it ;
and when the curtain next rises it is' no longer the
Saxon thane and earl who rule the land, but the
Norman conqueror. Of the centuries which inter-
vened between the coming of the Saxon and the
coming of the Norman we have practically no trace
in Lutterworth (jr its immediate neighbourhood,
and we can only point to a jewel found at Wibtoft,
and now preserved in the Rugby School Museum,
as evidence of the Germanic occupation of these parts.

12 LUTTERWORTH

There is yet one other example of Saxon work-
manship which, although it can hardly be said to
have been found within the immediate neighbourhood
of Lutterworth, may nevertheless, by reason of its
destination, be mentioned here. It was found at
Newton in Clifton-upon-Dunsmore in 1843 with other
articles of the early Saxon period, and passed into
the hands of Mr. Goodacre of Lutterworth, who
owned the land upon which the discovery was made.
This jewel, which was characterized by the late Sir
Augustus Franks as " an exquisite specimen of
Anglo-Saxon goldsmith's work," may be described
as a semi-globe of dark coloured glass set in a circlet
of gold with a plate of gold at the back and loop for
suspension. The delicacy of the beading round the
rim and the wreath-like ornamentation of the loop is
unrivalled. We give an illustration of this object,
which is now in the Ullesthorpe Court Museum.

— X

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IV

NORMAN LUTTERWORTH AND
ITS EARLY LORDS

WITH the Norman period we come into
touch with written history, and on turn-
ing to the Domesday Book we find that
Ralph de Guader had been possessed of lands here,
and this at once brin^rs on to our stacre an in-
teresting personality of the days of the Conquest.
Ralph de Guader, or, as some of the old chronicles
call him, Raulf de Gael, was a Breton seigneur
who had become Earl of Norfolk. A marriage

o

was arranged between him and Emma, sister of
Roger Fitz Osbern, Earl of Hereford. For some
reason or other this alliance was distasteful to the
King, who was in Normandy at the time. He dis-
patched an express order forbidding the marriage
to be concluded ; but the parties paid no heed to it,
and the wedding took place at Exning in Suffolk.
Ralph then brought his bride to Norwich, and there,
in the newly erected castle, was held a " bride-ale "
which, as the Saxon chronicler says, proved fatal to
all present. Wine (lowed freely, the tongues of the
guests became loosened, and Roger de Hereford
loudlv censured the refusal of Kinfj William to
sanction the union of his sister with the Earl of

«3

14 LUTTERWORTH

Norfolk. From this the guests proceeded to general
invectives against the Conqueror, and in the end
formed a plot to dispossess him of the crown. The
conspirators were, however, speedily defeated, and
Ralph, escaping to Brittany, left his gallant wife to
sustain the siege of his castle at Norwich. This she
did for three months, until obliged under pressure of
famine to capitulate in exchange for the lives of
herself and garrison. She subsequently joined her
husband in Brittany, and they eventually ended their
days in the Holy Land. Before returning to England
William made an incursion into Brittany in pursuit
of Earl Ralph, but after besieging the town of Dol
was obliged to beat a retreat before the forces of the
King of France. On his return to London for the
Christmas of 1075 the King deprived Earl Ralph of
all his estates, and so ended his connexion with
Lutterworth, which, with his other possessions, re-
verted to the Crown.

From the Domesday Survey which was completed
between the years 1081-86 we gather that the lands
of which Ralph de Guader had formerly been pos-
sessed in Lutterworth (or Lutresurde, as it is spelt)
were then held by one Maino, the Breton. We know
nothing of him ; but in the light of the tragic events
just narrated, the nationality of Ralph's successor
opens up a fruitful field for speculation.

According to the Survey, Maino held of the King
thirteen carucates of land in Lutterworth, or, as
Mr. Thompson in his valuable paper on " The Secular
History of Lutterworth," from which we have freely
borrowed, puts it, " Maino, the Breton, had a tract of
land equivalent to 1500 or 1600 acres." We gather

NORMAN LUTTERWORTH AND EARLY LORDS 15

that there was at the time a population of twenty-seven
males, twelve of whom were of an inferior class of
landowners called sokemen living under the juris-
diction of the lord of the Manor, seven cottagers
holding small allotments in return for menial services
performed for the lord, six peasant farmers, and two
serfs who were at the arbitrary disposal of their lord.
Besides these there was one bondswoman, a humble,
pathetic figure to have travelled down the centuries !
Mr. Thompson, whose paper was read at a meeting
of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society held at
Lutterworth about forty years ago, proceeded to
make an interesting comparison between the number
of sokesmen in other market towns of similar position
to Lutterworth, from which he concluded that Lutter-
worth appeared to have had a relatively larger pro-
portion, pointing to a more numerous independent
class than most of the other places. Altogether,
assuming the twenty-seven male inhabitants to have
been heads of families consisting of five individuals,
the population of Lutterworth at the Conquest would
have been about 135 souls.

Maino was succeeded in the ownershipof the Manor
of Lutterworth by his son Hamo, who conveyed his
inheritance here to Bertram de Verdun by a document,
the contents of which are still extant and may be
rendered into English as follows : —

" Hamo the son of Maino, to all his Frenchmen
and Englishmen, as well present as to come, health !
Know ye that I have rendered and granted to Bertram
Verdun and his heirs, Lutterworth, with all the
appurtenances, by hereditary law, to be held of me
and my heirs, by one knight's fee. And, in considera-

i6 LUTTERWORTH

tion of this Bertram has given to me thirteen marks
of silver and a coat of mail, and greaves and three
horses. These being witnesses : Henry the son of
M., Alan his brother, and M. de Verdun, William
Mansell and Alan son of Geoffrey and Roger the
clerk."

The terms of this ancient deed give a vivid picture
of the usages of the time shortly after the Conquest.
The holding by a knight's fee meant that the new
proprietor was under the obligation of providing his
lord with a horse-soldier for forty days in each year
when called upon so to do. It is difficult to estimate
the value of the cash transaction. The mark was a
money of account and represented about 1 20 pennies
of that date ; but of course the purchasing value of a
penny in Norman times has little analogy to that of
a penny of to-day.

Bertram de Verdun, who thus became connected
with Lutterworth, was one of the earliest members of
the great house of de Verdun whose castle was at
Alveton, or Aulton, in Staffordshire. Here, genera-
tion after generation, the de Verduns, lords of the
Manor of Lutterworth, lived in feudal grandeur, only
knowing our town by an occasional visit or through the
reports of their stewards, who presided in their courts
and received the rents and service due from their
tenants.

On the decease of Bertram de Verdun, in the year
1 1 39, his son Norman became lord of the Manor,
paying King Stephen 100 shillings for the transfer to
him of his father's Leicestershire estates — an early
instance of death-duties ! He had a long tenure,
not dying until 1192, when he was followed by

NORMAN LUTTERWORTH AND EARLY LORDS 17

another Bertram, who was sheriff of the counties of
Leicester and Warwick for several years. He was
twice married, his second wife being Roesia, the
foundress, jointly with her son, of the Hospital of
St. John, near our own town.

Bertram de Verdun died in 1195, and was suc-
ceeded in turn by his two sons, Thomas and Nicholas,
.the latter of whom joined with his mother in the found-
ing of the Hospital of St. John, which was built
upon a piece of land known as the Warren, adjoining
Misterton. It was intended to provide a house for
one priest and six poor men and to keep hospitality
for poor wayfarers. The following facts concerning
this foundation are of interest. It was dedicated to
St. John the Baptist, and, as already seen, was built
upon land called "the Warren." From the episcopal
registers at Lincoln it is evident that the foundations
were laid in the year 12 18, during the reign of King
John, but it was not until the following reign that it
was endowed and consecrated.

A fourth part of sixteen marks was paid to the
Hospital out of the revenue of the parish church in
1220.

The statutes for the Hospital's regulation were
drawn up soon after the year 13 10, under the sanction
of the Bishop of Lincoln, and are still preserved
among the episcopal records.

In addition to the endowments already specified
the Hospital possessed lands at Hillmorton in 1329,
and at Cotesbach, Shawell, and Bitteswell at different
times.

In 1445 the {patronage of the foundation belonged
to Edward, Lord Grey of Groby, by virtue of his
2

i8 LUTTERWORTH

marriage with Elizabeth, sole daughter and heir of
Sir William Ferrers, Lord of Groby.

The following names of Masters of the Hospital
have been preserved : —

William Vesey, 1420.

Simon Smith, resigned 1455.

Richard Walsee, Bishop of Down and Conner.

Hugh Leys, 1475.

Win. Rufus Clark, 15 17.

The Duke of Suffolk bequeathed an annuity to
the priest of this Hospital for prayers for the repose
of his soul, and also made provision for the main-
tenance of the building ; but this latter provision
would not appear to have been very effectual seeing
that in the reign of Queen Mary, to whom the
Hospital passed upon the attainder of the Duke,
the foundation is described as deserted and falling
into ruin, while, early in the reign of her successor,
it was completely demolished and the land which
had formed its endowment sold.

During the making of the new road to Misterton,
upon the construction of the G.C.R., the workmen
came across quantities of rubble, evidently marking
the site of the Hospital and showing that it had
been built in the same manner as the church. A
little farther on they unearthed a number of human
bones, no doubt the remains of inmates of the
Hospital buried in their own secluded graveyard
more than five hundred years ago.

Nicholas de Verdun held the Manor (with a short
interval of dispossession on his joining the insurgent
barons in 12 16) until the year 1230. In 12 14 the
King made him the grant of a market for Lutterworth.

NORMAN LUTTERWORTH AND EARLY LORDS 19

He was succeeded by his only child, a daughter,
named after her grandmother, Roesia, By command
of Henry HI her hand was given in marriage to
Theobald le Butiller, but by reason of her exceptional
position she retained the name and arms of her
ancestors and passed on the name of de Verdun to
her descendants. She died in 1247, and was succeeded
by her son John, who remained lord of the Manor
until 1273, when his brother Theobald, aged twenty-
two, followed in the line of inheritance.

At this stage we are again in a position to take
stock of our town. At an inquest it was reported
that Lutterworth was of the fee of Verdun and held
of the King by Theobald de Verdun, who had in
domain three and a half virgates of land and one
water-mill. He also had in vilkinage forty virgates
held by thirty-six serfs, and in free tenure sixteen
virgates held by six free tenants. We are further
told that the Prior of the Hospital of Jerusalem held
five virgates of land in perpetual alms and seven
given by Nicholas de Verdun and Roesia, his wife.
In addition, twenty-five burgesses held forty-three
burgages, and one, William de Walcote, one toft, with
the advowson of the church for the term of the life
of Eleanor de Verdun. Theobald de V^erdun also
had six virgates, warren in the fields, a market and
fairs, and royal and other liberties. The tenants did
not pay scutage and were quit of suits of the county
and hundred.

The virgate of land was an indefinite cjuantity,
but, as in parts of Leicestershire it can be proved to
have consisted of 15 acres, we may take this figure
as the equivalent of a virgate in Lutterworth.

20 LUTTERWORTH

Scutage was the pecuniary commutation of military
tenants for personal service.

We therefore gather from the Inquisition that
Theobald de Verdun had in domain — in other words,
in his own hands — 142 acres. Besides these he had
600 worked by thirty-six serfs and 240 in the hands
of six free tenants. The Prior of the Hospital had
75 acres for his maintenance and 105 for the poor
wayfarers. But there were besides these twenty-five
burgesses living upon their own plots of land, who
had their own town court and were not compelled
to seek justice in the county court or the hundred
court. Hence Lutterworth was six hundred years
ago a borough in the simplest form, with its market
and its fairs.

At this date the population was composed of
twenty-five burgesses, six free tenants, and thirty-six
serfs, making with their wives and families a probable
population of 350 persons.

Theobald de Verdun, the son of Theobald and
Roesia, held the lordship until 1309, when another
Theobald succeeded him. He was the last of this
family in the male line, and died at Alton Towers
in 1316.

He was twice married, his first wife being a
daughter of Lord Mortimer of Wigmore, and by her
he had three daughters. After her death he married
as his second wife, in 13 15, Elizabeth, daughter of
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, but he died the
following year before the birth of their child, which
event took place on the Feast of St. Benedict
following. This child likewise proved to be a
daughter. She was named Isabel, and when she

NORMAN LUTTERWORTH AND EARLY LORDS 21

grew up she became the wife of Henry, Lord Ferrers
of Groby, and succeeded to the Manor of Lutterworth,
although it would appear that her mother retained
some interest in it durinij her life.

To Lord Ferrers and the Lady Isabel succeeded
their son William, who, in turn, was followed by his
son Henry. It was during the minority of this latter
that the presentation to the living of Lutterworth fell
to the Crown and enabled the king to offer it to his
chaplain. Wycliffe. Henry de Ferrers grew up to
receive the honour of knighthood, and was succeeded
by his son Henry, who likewise attained to the same
distinction. He it was who obtained a grant for the
holding of a weekly market in Lutterworth, and also
of an annual Fair upon Ascension Day. This last
has been discontinued, but the weekly market has been
regularly held ever since the grant to Sir Henry de
Ferrers in 1414. This knight was raised to the
peerage under the title of Lord Ferrers of Groby,
but, dying without issue in 1444, the Manor of
Lutterworth passed to his cousin, Elizabeth Ferrers,
who subsequently married Sir Edward Grey. From
them the Manor passed to their son, Sir John Grey.
He fell at the battle of St. Albans in 1460, when it
descended to his son. Sir Thomas Grey, who in 1472
was created Earl of Huntingdon and in 1475
Marquis of Dorset.

With the son and successor of this first Marquis
of Dorset an actor in one of our greatest national
tragedies for a moment flits across our local stage.
Henry, second Marquis of Dorset, married for his
second wife Frances, eldest daughter of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by his wife Mary, Queen-

22 LUTTERWORTH

Dowager of France. On the death of the survivor
of her two brothers the Marquis was, in right of his
wife, created Duke of Suffolk. Then came the death
of the boy-king, Edward VI, and the conspiracy to
place the crown of England upon the head of his own
daughter. Lady Jane Grey. The consequence of this
rash act forms part of our national history and needs
no repetition here. Although the gentle tool of the
ambition of others expiated her lesser offence on the
scaffold, her more guilty parent managed to save his
head for the time being, but only to lay it upon the
block at a later date for opposing the marriage of
Queen Mary with Philip of Spain. He was beheaded
on Tower Hill on the 23rd February 1554, when all
his possessions were forfeited to the Crown, and it
was not until the time of Charles I that the Manor
of Lutterworth again became the property of a private
subject.

Having regard to the fact that Lady Jane Grey
was born and spent her girlhood at Bradgate, a few
miles beyond Leicester, and that she was connected
with the Feildings through the de Verduns, it is
highly probable that she knew and was well known
in Lutterworth, of which place her father was Lord
of the Manor.

LUTTERWORTH FROM THE FOUR-
TEENTH TO THE SIXTEENTH CEN-
TURIES

IT may be well to turn aside for a moment from
what we may term the " main street " of our
history to take a glance into its byways during
the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries.
The great personages who have hitherto occupied
our stage were not actual residents in Lutterworth,
but there were nevertheless some of our own towns-
people whose names have come down to us, and one
family in particular whose descendants have equalled,
if they have not surpassed, them in importance ; while,
to the fearless zeal of one of its inhabitants, Lutter-
worth owes to this day its place amongst the Meccas
of Christendom.

Among those of lesser note may be mentioned
William Cocks and William Pawley, who, in the reign
of Henry VII, enriched the charities of the town by
the gift of lands and tenements at Lutterworth.
Very early, too, in the history of the town is to be
found the name of Feilding, which has ever since been
closely associated with it. Somewhere about the
reign of Henry III, if nut earlier, we meet with a
Thomas Feilding. He had a daughter named Joan

'3

24 LUTTERWORTH

or Joanna, who became the second wife of John de
Colville. By his first wife, Cecilia de Verdun (the
representative of a junior branch of the family we
have already traced), he had a daughter named
Matilda, and this daughter Joanna Feilding adopted
as her own, conveying to her her own property in
Lutterworth.

As we propose to treat of the Feilding family
separately, it is only necessary here briefly to allude
to those members who were immediately connected
with Lutterworth in the centuries under review.
This brings us to a Geffery de Felden or Feilding,
who had won his spurs in the wars of Henry IIL
What his relationship was to the Thomas Feilding
of Lutterworth already mentioned is uncertain, but
doubtless it was in the intervals between his service
with the king that he visited Lutterworth and
courted and won Matilda de Colville. Through this
alliance he regained possession of the Feilding
property, which had passed through Joanna Feilding
into the Colville family.

According to tradition the house occupied by
Geffery and Matilda de Feilding was situate in Ely
Lane at the spot where for many years the late Mr.
Blunt carried on the business of a veterinary surgeon
and which is now in the possession of Mr. E. W.
Lavender. It is an interesting fact that the remains
of ancient foundations are frequently met with in the
ground hereabouts, and an avenue of old yew trees
still stands beside what was once a bowling-green,
overlooking the Misterton valley. With regard to
the name " Ely Lane," it has been suggested that
this is a corruption of " Hilly Lane," the Midland

FOURTEENTH-SIXTEENTH CENTURIES 25

habit of dropping the aspirate leading to the distor-
tion. Although this suggestion is supported by
reference to the Parish Registers where the street is
actually written "Hilly Lane" in several places, yet
there is little doubt but that the word "Hilly" is
itself in reality the corruption, and that the street took
its name in the far-off past from the Feilding
possessions in the Isle of Ely.

On the death of Sir Geffrey the Feilding property
in Lutterworth passed to his son Geoffrey, who
married Agnes, daughter of John de Napton. It is
clear that there were other Feildinofs livine in
Lutterworth at this time, as we find mention of both
a Thomas and a John Feilding. In the thirty-eighth
year of Edward III (1365) a conveyance of a
burgage was made which gives a glimpse into the
past history of our town worthy of preservation. It
was executed in the court of the lord of the
Manor, in the presence of Walter Stephen, William
Bonifaunts, and Thomas Baker of Lutterworth and
Thomas Deskins of Poulteney and Roger of Thorpe,
on Friday, the Feast of St. George. The property
conveyed was a half-burgage built and lying in High
Street between the burgage of John Feilding on the
one side and the messuage of William Milner on the
other, the persons to whom it was conveyed being
John I'Y'ilding and Agnes his wife, and John, his son
by his first wife Matilda. The person who conveyed
the property was Thomas I'^eilding of Lutterworth,
with the consent of Elizabeth his wife, and a rent of
twelve shillings was reserved to him, he on his part
being bound to render to the lords of the fee the
services due and accustomed. It is interesting to

26 LUTTERWORTH

PEDIGREE

OF

SIR GEOFFREY FEILDING

Geffrey = Matilda de Colville

I

Geoffrey = Agnes de Napton

William = Jane Prudhomme -, , „ j. /(i) Matilda

'^ Knighted^; T ^(^) ^g"- Stevene

Henry iii. I

Elder branch _ 'John ^ Johanna

Died 2nd April 1418.

Buried in Lutterworth

1403 ; buried Church

in Lutterworth

Church

of Feildings By first wife.

Died nth Oct.

I

William = (?)

I

Geoffrey = (?)

( ^.

John = (?) Thomas

_ =1

John Fitz-John = (?
I

William = (?)

Sir Geoffrey = Angel (?)

Lord Mayor of London
in 1452

Buried in St. Lawrence
Jewry

I I

Richard Geoffrey Thomas

Admitted to the Admitted to the

Company of Company of

Mercers in 1472. Mercers in 1487.

FOURTEENTH-SIXTEENTH CENTURIES 27

note that not only do the Feildings remain with us to
this day, but the family of one of the witnesses,
namely that of Baker, have continued to reside
amongst us.

From the John and Agnes Feilding mentioned in
the above deed was descended the Sir Geoffrey
Feilding who was Lord Mayor of London in the
reign of Henry VII.

Sir Geoffrey was the son of William Feilding of
Lutterworth and a member of the Mercers' Company.
He lived in Milk Street, was a Privy Councillor to
Henry VI and Edward IV, and Lord Mayor in
1452. Both he and his wife and three of his sons
were buried in St, Lawrence Jewry, the epitaph on
their tomb reading, " Here lyeth the body of Jefferey
Feilding sometime maire of this citie and Angell his
wife and Thomas, Richard and John, sonnes of
Jefferey an. dom. 15 17."

The old church of St. Lawrence Jewry was
entirely destroyed in the fire of London, and the new
church contains no monument to Sir Geoffrey other
than the mention of his name on a brass plate
inserted by the Mercers' Company in memory of
members of that Company interred in the church.

During the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII
Lutterworth became considerably enriched, its
property appropriated to civic and public uses being
extensive. When in 15 10 Leland, the antiquary,
visited it, the description he gave of the town was as
follows : " From Leicester to Lutterworth, a market
town, a ten miles towards Warwickshire. The town
is scant half so big as Loughborough, but in it there
is a hospital of the foundation of two of the Vcrduns

28 LUTTERWORTH

that were lords of ancient time of the town. . . .
There riseth certain springs in the hills a mile from
Lutterworth and so coming to a bottom they make
a brook that passeth by Lutterworth."

Between the time of Theobald de Verdun in 1276
and the middle of the sixteenth century the popula-
tion of Lutterworth had made some advance. It is
recorded that in 1564 there were 106 families in the
town, who, at an average of five a family, would
muster — men, women, and children — 530 persons,
an increase of 180 in 286 years. The progress was
slow, but it must be remembered that in the olden
times the means of subsistence were limited and the
chances of employment few in rural towns, both
causes militating against rapid expansion.

VI
ST. MARY'S CHURCH

THE parish church of Lutterworth un-
doubtedly owes its origin to the HberaHty
of the de Verdun family.

From very early times down to as late as 1838
Lutterworth belonged to the diocese of Lincoln.

The date of the buildincr of the oric^inal church is
unknown, but as three presentations to the living
of Lutterworth are recorded during the episcopate of
Hugh de Wells, who occupied the see of Lincoln
from 1209 to 1235, it was probably somewhere
towards the close of the twelfth or commencement of
the thirteenth centuries.

At any rate there was undoubtedly in the
thirteenth century a fine Early English church, con-
sisting of tower, nave, and chancel, the same size
as the present ones, but with a spire to the tower
in place of the present top storey and parapets. It
is also probable that the nave had aisles on both
sides, but perhaps not so wide as the [iresent south
aisle nur when first built longer than the nave.

If this were so, the aisles were very soon
lengthened and the arches cut through the north
and south walls of the tower.

The early nave and chancel had high-pitched

30 LUTTERWORTH

roofs, as in all probability had the aisles. There
was no clerestory to the nave, unless it were an
extremely low one.

The east and south walls of the chancel are
the old thirteenth-century walls, but have been
increased in height, no doubt, when the larger
windows were inserted.

The tower nearly up to the diaper-work is also
thirteenth-century work, but the belfry windows are
decidedly of later date than the window in the lower
stage. Probably the tower was built very slowly
or in stages, which would account for this difference,
but the belfry windows are, nevertheless, good speci-
mens of Early English work.

Portions of the north aisle and possibly some
of the south aisle may also be thirteenth-century
work, as the old masonry of the doorways and
internal jambs to many of the windows certainly
belong to that period.

The nave arcades have been so much renewed
that it is very doubtful if any of the thirteenth-
century work still remains.

The aisles were considerably altered, if not re-
built, in the fourteenth century, some of the windows
being very good specimens of "Decorated" work.
The old wide internal splays of the thirteenth-
century windows have in many cases been retained,
although the tracery is fourteenth-century work of
very different dates. Portions of the present aisle
roofs are probably fourteenth-century work, or early
fifteenth century.

The remains of the steps to the rood loft on
the south side of the chancel arch are probably

f*
r

3

8 1

.

:

1

ST. MARY'S CHURCH 31

fourteenth-century work, but the chancel arch itself
is late fifteenth century.

The east window of the chancel is early
fifteenth century, but the old jambs are probably
fourteenth, if not thirteenth century work, perhaps
still in their original position, but with the inter-
mediate piers cleared away so as to form one large
window instead of either two or three single light
windows.

VII
JOHN WYCLIFFE

IN the year 1374 there happened an event which
was to bring fame to Lutterworth and carry
the name of the Httle market-town even be-
yond our own shores.

The rector of Lutterworth passed away, and
the last of the noble family of de Verdun having
also been gathered to his fathers, the Manor of
Lutterworth descended to Lord Ferrers of Groby,
but he being a minor and consequently incapable of
exercising his right of presentation, the choice of the
successor fell to the Crown,

At this time Edward III, who ruled over England,
had attained a great age and took little interest in
State affairs, the government of the country being
practically in the hands of John of Gaunt, Duke of
Lancaster. Through his interest the royal favour
fell upon John Wycliffe, who was at the time one of
the royal chaplains. It is probable that the influence
of the Duke in favour of Wycliffe was exerted more
from political and selfish motives than from any
personal sympathy with the doctrines of the Re-
formation of which Wycliffe has been styled " the
Morning Star." He had acquired a reputation for

unmatched proficiency in the scholastic learning of

32

IMIIN \\\( Mill-.

JOHN WYCLIFFE 33

his day, and in consequence was welcomed by the
Duke of Lancaster as an intluence to humble the
Church.

W'ycliffe was first brought to the notice of the
Court, and more particularly of the Duke of Lancas-
ter, by a pamphlet which he wrote in 1366 in opposi-
tion to the Pope's claim to feudal supremacy over
England, founded on King John's act of resignation.
Several of his works were afterwards dedicated to the
Duke, who became closely allied with him.

John Wycliffe was born in the hamlet of Spreswell,
near Old Richmond, in Yorkshire, in the year 1324.
He was educated at Merton College, Oxford, of
which college he became a Fellow, and in 1360 he
became Master of Balliol. The same year he was
appointed rector of Fillingham in Lincolnshire, and
in 1368 he became rector of Ludgershal, Bucks.
From here he passed, as we have seen, in 1374 to
Lutterworth. Concurrently with this benefice he
held the prebendal stall of Aust in the collegiate
church of W'estbury in the diocese of Worcester.

In the year in which Wycliffe became rector of
Lutterworth he went as a member of a Royal Com-
mission appointed by Edward III to confer with
Pope Gregory XI, which met at Bruges. In this
commission he ranked second to the Bishop of
Bangor and received the princely allowance of twenty
shillings /^r dion.

It is a remarkable fact that this glimpse of the
papal Court is said to have had the same effect
upon WyclifTe that the visit of Luther to Rome in
later years had u{)on that reformer ; both visits
inspired the necessity for an immediate reform in
3

34 LUTTERWORTH

clerical matters. Being a teacher at Oxford, Wycliffe
had ample opportunity for making public his ideas.
From 1375 he spent most of his time between
Lutterworth and Oxford, with frequent visits to
London, where he became a popular preacher. For
some years he was allowed to spread his doctrines
without hindrance, but at length the papal wrath
fell upon him, and he was cited to appear at St. Paul's
on the 3rd of February 1377 to answer to the charge
of being an enemy to Rome on account of his attacks
on the inordinate arrogance, wealth, and power of
the higher clergy. He was attended in this trial
by the Duke of Lancaster, who sent the Earl Marshal,
Lord Percy, to clear a way through the crowded
assembly for him. The trial commenced, and the
assembly waxed hot over the questions before them,
until the Duke of Lancaster, conformably with the
manners of the time, threatened to drag Courteney,
the Bishop of London, out of the church by the
hair of his head. Then the people, who were
jealous of Lancaster's overgrown power and who
resented the insult to their bishop, rose up and
sacked the houses of both the Duke and Lord
Percy, killing the latter's chaplain and doing
immense damage to the former's residence. The
matter ended in the Pope signing five bulls against
Wycliffe, authorizing his imprisonment, but before
they had reached England Edward III had died ;
and they do not appear to have had any material
effect.

In 1380, Wycliffe opposed the doctrine of tran-
substantiation at Oxford and was condemned by
the University, and two years later he and his

JOHN WVCTJFFE 35

followers were opposed and prosecuted by the
Archbishop of Canterbury.

Then he went back to Lutterworth where he
wrote ceaselessly and fearlessly against the papal
claims. Assisted by Nicholas de Hereford he made
the first complete translation of the Vulgate in 1382,
having himself previously translated the Gospels in
1360. The whole translation was afterwards revised
by John Purvey.

But the great conflicts, dangers, and toil of his
life had told heavily upon him, and upon the
accomplishment of his great self-imposed task he
was seized with paralysis. Recovering to some
extent, he pursued his labours for two years more,
and then on the 2Sth December 13S4, while hearing
mass in his own church at Lutterworth, he was aeain
attacked. Borne to the adjoining rectory, he lingered
until New Year's eve, and then passed away at
the age of sixty years,

A few days later his mortal remains were laid
to rest in the chancel of the church which was to
be for ever after so inseparably wedded to his name,
but, as we know, even here in death they were not
to be free from molestation. The Council of Con-
stance, assembled in the year 14 14 under the
presidency of the Emperor Sigismund and Pope
John XXII, resolved to make a determined effort to
stamp out the doctrines propagated by Wycliffe and
his disciples, and on the 5th of June of this year
summoned before them his great German follower,
John Huss, whom they proceeded forthwith to
commit to the flames. Following up the lead given
by the Council of Constance, the Church of Sienna

36 LUTTERWORTH

next took upon itself to curse the memory of John
Wycliffe, and to order his bones, if they could be
discerned from those of the faithful, to be taken out
of the ground and cast out of Christian burial. In
obedience to this decree Richard Fleming, Bishop
of Lincoln, the diocesan, sent his officers to exhume
the body. Tradition has it that they came by night,
and, breaking into the grave in the chancel, carried
away every bone of the great rector, passing, as they
went out, through the priests' door in the south wall
of the chancel still known as "Wycliffe's door."
Outside they formed a procession, and in this manner
bore the bones to the side of the river at the south
entrance to the town, where they burnt them, casting
the ashes into the stream. As old Fuller puts it,
" His ashes were cast into the river Swift, which
conveyed them to the Avon, the Avon into the
Severn, the Severn into the narrow seas, and they
into the main ocean. Thus the ashes of Wycliffe
may be considered [as the emblem of his doctrine,
which is now dispersed all the world over."

Of the personal appearance of Wycliffe we have
no record other than that he was a spare man of
frail health. None of the existing so-called portraits
are contemporary, nor do they even conform to the
style of the age in which he lived.

Of his character we have several interesting
glimpses, which help us to get into closer touch
with our great townsman of over five hundred years
ago. We know that he was a man of great learning,
indomitable energy, and unquestionable sanctity, with
an uncommon gravity of manner and flaming zeal
for God and love for his neighbour. At one time

JOHN WYCLIFFE 37

in his life his health was so impaired by the labours
of producing his numerous compositions and the
excitement inseparable from the restless hostilities
of his enemies that, being supposed to be in a
dangerous condition, his old antagonists, the Mendi-
cant Friars, conceived it next to impossible that so
notorious a heretic should find himself near a future
world without the most serious apprehensions of
Divine wrath.

While they declared that the dogmas of the
reformer had arisen from the suCTorestions of the
arch-enemy of mankind, they nevertheless anticipated
some advantage to their cause if they could induce
the dying culprit to make recantation of his published
opinions. Wycliffe was in Oxford when this sickness
arrested his activity and confined him to his chamber.
From the four orders of the friars, four doctors were
gravely deputed to wait on their expiring enemy,
and to these the same number of civil officers called
senators of the city and aldermen of the ward were
added. When this embassy entered the apartment of
the sick man he was seen stretched on his bed.
Some kind wishes were expressed as to his better
health and the blessings of a speedy recovery. Then
it was suggested that he must be aware of the many
wrongs which the whole Mendicant brotherhood had
sustained from his attacks, and as his death was
apparently now about to remove him, it was sincerely
hoped that he would not conceal his penitence, but
distinctly revoke whatever he had preferred against
them to their injury. Wycliffe lay silent and
motionless until this address was concluded. He
then beckoned his servants to raise him in bed, and,

38 LUTTERWORTH

fixing his eyes on the persons assembled and
summoning all his remaining strength, exclaimed,
" I shall not die, but live, and again declare the evil
deeds of the friars ! " Thereat the embassy retreated,
and Wycliffe kept his word.

The real object of Wycliffe's attack was the exist-
ing ecclesiastical system. The Roman Church, he
argued, was no more the head of all the churches
than any other. St. Peter was not more gifted than
any .other apostle. The Pope had no higher spiritual
power than any other ordained minister. The State
could disendow a delinquent church, and ought to do
so. The rules of the monastic orders added no more
intrinsic holiness to the profession of the monks than
whitewash does solidity to a wall. He held that
neither Pope nor Bishop should imprison men for
conscience' sake, and that the excessive wealth of the
clergy should be reduced. Nor did Wycliffe neglect
to use his wit against the object of his hate. When
one of his followers said that Scripture did not
recognize the friars, "It does," replied Wycliffe,
" in the text, ' I know you not.' "

Wycliffe's great work, the translation of the Bible
into English, is a very liberal translation from the
Latin. Besides the several works which have been
printed he left a number of MSS., some of which
are still in the Bodleian Library and others in the
British Museum.

Such was the man to whom Lutterworth owes
its fame. If we look round us at the present day
there is but little left to which we can point as con-
temporary with his rectorship. Every stone of the
rectory in which he lived and laboured has dis-

JOHN WYCLIFFE 39

appeared, and but little even of the church, as he
knew it, remains. It is true that for years certain
objects have been exhibited at the church as
"Wycliffe's," but the antiquary has ruthlessly dis-
posed of their pretensions. The portraits are all a
century and a half later, the chair and table are,
according to the late Mr. Bloxam, of the seventeenth
century, the pulpit, of the middle of the fifteenth
century, no doubt inserted when the chancel was
rebuilt, or when the clerestory was added to the nave
and the present roof erected. The so-called " vest-
ment " is probably part of a fifteenth-century altar
frontal and the candlesticks of the time of Charles I.

During the last century a little local patriotism
might have secured for our town a genuine Wycliffe
relic, but unfortunately it was not forthcoming. On
the ist July 1861 there was sold at the dispersal of
Archbishop Tenison's library a fourteenth-century
MS. containing portions of the Old Testament
translated by John Wycliffe, possibly in his own
handwriting. It was bought by Mr. Lilly, a well-
known London bookseller, for ^150, a price which
would compare favourably with the prices ruling at
the present day.

VIII
THE LOLLARDS

IT was while living at Lutterworth that Wycliffe
organized his body of men called *' Poor
Preachers." How many townsmen and local
men were incorporated in these it is impossible to
ascertain, but we can hardly believe that a man of
Wycliffe's influence and persuasive powers could
have failed to enlist some of his own parishioners and
neighbours.

The history of Lollardism hardly comes within
the scope of this book, but it may be mentioned that
the name Lollard was given to the followers of
Wycliffe. It was probably derived from the Low
German verb " lollen " or "lullen," to sing, and
applied to these people in consequence of their
attributed fondness for psalm-singing. Wycliffe's
views were accepted by many of the nobility, and
Lollardy was most flourishing and most dangerous to
ecclesiastical organization in England ten years after
his death. Oxford University and many great per-
sonages supported the cause. Lord Montacute,
Lord Salisbury, and Sir Thomas Latimer had Lollard
chaplains.

The preachers were picturesque figures in long

russet dress down to their heels, who, with staff in

40

THE LOLLARDS 41

hand, preached in the mother-tongue to the people in
churches and graveyards, in streets and market-
places, and wherever they could obtain a hearing.
Leicester and Leicestershire became a stronghold
of the new doctrines until it was stated that there
was not a man or woman (except the priests and
nuns) who did not openly profess their disbelief in
the doctrines of the Church and their approval of
the views of the Lollards.

Wycliffe's mantle fell upon the shoulders of a
remarkable man, William of Swynderby, who had
been living the life of a recluse in a cell made by
himself in the woods which approached the western
gateway of the town of Leicester. From this retreat
he frequently issued to address the inhabitants of
the town. On these occasions he spared neither
the vanity of the women in their fondness for showy
dress, nor the covetousness of the men, who then, as
now, were absorbed in the making of money. Nor
did he spare himself, for he refused the gifts which
the townspeople continually pressed upon him and
lived in all austerity the life of a hermit. In con-
junction with an anchoress known as "ALatilda," who
had a hut in the graveyard adjoining the Church of
St. Peter in Leicester, he preached the new doctrines
openly and boldly.

IX
THE JOHN OF GAUNT FRESCO

A

LTHOUGH the antiquary has wrought such
sad havoc amongst the cherished mementoes
of Lutterworth's golden age, yet he has not
left us entirely without compensation.

The restoration of the church under Sir Gilbert
Scott, some forty years ago, brought to light a fresco
over the north porch of the highest interest. At first
it was considered to be of earlier date than the
rectorship of Wycliffe and to represent Edward H
and Edward HI, but Mr. E. W. Thursby, in a paper
read before the Leicestershire Archaeological Society
in 1880, has given good reasons for believing that
the fresco represents Richard II, his queen, Anne
of Bohemia, and the great Duke of Lancaster, and
that it was inserted in the church by Wycliffe himself.
Here, then, is a relic of the great rector of Lutter-
worth more eloquent than any of those we have
discarded, and as we stand before this fresco and
endeavour to trace the, alas, fast-fading lines, we can
feel pretty confident that we are standing where he
stood and that our eyes are resting upon what his
rested upon five and a quarter centuries ago. We
will quote fully from Mr. Thursby's paper.

It was Mr. Bloxam, the well-known authority,

4»

John (iI I. mm KkKS(<i, l.t 1 I KK\\< iK I H ( HI k( 11

THE JOHN OF GAUNT FRESCO 43

who first assigned the date of a little prior to
Wycliffe's rectorship to this fresco, but in conjectural
matters of this kind an error of a few years is quite
excusable, and in the light of the advance which has
been made in these last few years in scientific research
we are now able to fix the date of the picture at
some twenty years later than Mr. Bloxam's date.
Lookine at the fresco itself, we see that it contains
three figures, two apparently representing kings and
the third a queen. Naturally we turn to the history
of our country at the time, and we find on the throne
a king, whose portrait, preserved at Wilton House,
the seat of the Earl of Pembroke, is said to resemble
the beardless king in Lutterworth Church. The wavy
hair is a general trait of the Plantagenet princes : an
inspection of the national coinage shows that a
crowned head with wavy locks was the accepted
conventional representation of sovereignty in Plan-
tagenet days. There is, therefore, a strong probability
that one of the figures represents the reigning
sovereign, and that the lady, evidently a queen, is
his consort. If we are right in the date which we
have assigned to the work, and in our assumption
that two of the figures represent the reigning king
and queen, then we have before us portraits — con-
ventional, il is true — of Richard 1 1 and Anne of
Bohemia, and we are enabled to add the important
fact that the rector of Lutterworth at the time was
John Wycliffe. With this information to hand let
us look at the probabilities of portraits of Richard II
and his cjueen being inserted in Lutterworth Church
during the rectorship of the great Reformer. It is
known that Anne of Bohemia was a staunch patroness

44 LUTTERWORTH

of Wycliffe, and, in conjunction with her mother-in-law,
Joanna, Princess of Wales, was instrumental in saving
his life when in danger at the Lambeth Council.
What, then, is more likely than that Wycliffe should
desire to commemorate his obligation and gratitude
in a way which was common in the days in which
he lived ?

But there is the third figure to account for. We
have already seen that in the days of Wycliffe one
man was all-powerful in the land, namely, John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. This man, too, was the
notorious patron and protector of the rector of
Lutterworth. If, as has been thought, the fresco
covers some earlier painting, probably of a super-
stitious nature distasteful to WyclifTe, what is more
natural than that he should have obliterated it with
representations of his king and queen and powerful
protector, just as in later times the royal arms super-
seded the crucifix ? But the third figure appears also
to be a king. Can we account for this ? It may be
that the crown on the head of the bearded figure is
only a ducal coronet ; in the present state of the
fresco it is difficult to ascertain for certain. If this
could be shown to be the case, the identification of
the figure would amount to practical certainty.

But even if it proved to be a royal crown the
presumption would not be seriously affected, for
John of Gaunt married as his second wife, in 1368,
Constance, daughter of Pedro the Cruel, and immedi-
ately claimed the title of King of Castile in her right.
Nor did he renounce the claim until 1389, some years
after WyclifTe's death, so that during the whole of
the latter's incumbency of Lutterworth the Duke

THE JOHN OF GAUNT FRESCO 45

would have been reo-arded as titular Kino- of Castile,
and his claim would have been a special subject of
interest when Wycliffe first placed himself under his
protection. This would account for the two crowned
heads appearing side by side. The hawk on the
wrist of the bearded figure is a symbol of dignity, and
adds peculiar significance to our conjecture from the
fact that John of Gaunt was passionately addicted to
the chase and entertained Richard II and his queen
at a magnificent hunting party in Leicester Forest,
which then covered the district between Enderby and
Earl Shilton, including Desford or Deersford. May
not the Duke with his royal guests have visited their
notorious prot^g^ in his home at Lutterworth on this
occasion, and the fresco which we have been con-
sidering commemorate the visit? The sceptre in
the hand of the beardless figure may well mark the
difference between the King in esse and the claimant
to a foreign crown.

X

THE HOLY WELL OF ST. JOHN

THAT the name of Wycliffe was regarded
with something more than veneration by the
people of Lutterworth during the Middle
Ages is proved by the story of the Holy Well of
St. John.

The legend is that, as the bones of the holy man
were being carried on a bier from the church to the
riverside for burning, in accordance with the ecclesi-
astical decree, in passing down the steep slope at what
is now the bottom of High Street a bone fell to the
ground and was immediately trampled into the soft soil
of the unmade roadway by the crowds which followed.

Some years afterwards a man working upon the
spot brought to light the missing bone, and, upon
taking it from its position, forthwith there issued from
the hole where it had lain embedded a fountain of
the purest water, which ceased not to flow day or
night to the joy of the inhabitants of the town, who
regarded it as a display of Divine favour upon the
remains of their local saint.

The water was immediately looked upon as
miraculous and was conveyed to a stone drinking-
fount placed by the side of the way at the spot
where the discovery was made.

THE HOLY WELL OF ST. JOHN 47

It has been thought bv some to have been called
the Holy Well of St. John from its position within
sight of the Hospital of that name, to which we have
already alluded, but it seems to us, in the face of the
above tradition, that the dedication to St. John was
far more likely to have had reference to the Christian
name of Lutterworth's grreat rector.

For ages the power to cure all manner of diseases,
especially where the eyesight was affected, was
attributed to this water, and the actual stone basin
which received it is believed still to exist behind the
brick wall which was built in front of it some sixty
years ago. The spring itself was tapped a few years
ago in excavating for a sewer, and was so strong that
it had to be conveyed into the common drain.

XI
THE REBUILDING OF THE CHURCH

NOT many years after the dramatic scene
enacted over Wycliffe's earthly remains, a
great transformation was brought about in
the construction of our church, involving its almost
entire rebuilding.

This was the outcome of a great social movement
which at that time was in progress throughout the
whole country and happily extended to our own
church. The crusaders, returning from the Holy
Land enamoured of the frescoes and stained glass
which adorned the continental and Eastern churches,
aroused a desire for more light, and in many places
the large " Decorated " windows, which gave scope for
artistic treatment and stained glass, were as a result
substituted for the Early English lancet windows. In
our own Parish Church the restoration of forty years
aofo under Sir Gilbert Scott left us two of these lancet
windows built during the reign of King John. One
of these is in the south wall of the chancel, east of the
priests' or "Wycliffe's" door. The other is in the
west wall of the tower, exactly facing the central aisle
of the nave.

As the church when first erected probably had
no clerestory and had high-pitched roofs both to the

THE REBUILDING OF THE CHURCH 49

nave and chancel, and also probably to the aisles,
it was necessary, in order to conform to the new idea,
to practically rebuild some of the walls of the church,
and this appears to have been done. The lancet
lights in the east wall were displaced by the present
window, which is a hne example of the Early Per-
pendicular style. Also new and more ornamental
windows were inserted in the side walls. The hiofh-
pitched roof of the earlier nave and chancel were
removed, the arches of the nave probably rebuilt,
the clerestory windows inserted, and the present low-
pitched and highly decorated roof constructed. It
would appear as if the ancient rood screen and loft
were destroyed when the present chancel arch was
built.

The walls of the chancel were also raised and the
roof brought into conformity with the nave. Some
of the main timbers are of the fourteenth century, and
are valuable examples of what (for woodwork) is a
scarce period.

The aisle windows are nearly all late t^irteenth-
or early fourteenth-century work.

The tower in its original state had a massive spire,
in keeping with its early date. This was at a later
period rebuilt in a taller and lighter form, and rose
to a height of 47 feet higher than the present
tower. This was the spire which was destroyed in
the great storm of 1 703.

In the time of the early luiwards, churchmen
were nothing if they were not builders — it was the
golden age of church architecture. When the
building was completed the proud builder was
accustomed to [)lace his seal upon it, and so we find
4

50 LUTTERWORTH

the arms of the Lord Ferrers of Groby built in the
gable of the east window. This gives a clue to the
date at which this first restoration of our church took
place.

The Manor of Lutterworth, together with the
patronage of the living, came into the possession of
the Ferrers family in the year 13 16 upon the death
of Theobald de Verdun, and the last lord of this
family passed away in May 1444. They thus held
the Manor close upon a hundred and fifty years, and it
was no doubt during the latter part of this period that
the rebuilding took place, the alteration in the chancel
probably dating from the rectorship of Wycliffe.

It is almost certain that, in conformity with the
custom of the age, the principal windows of the
church were filled with stained glass, nearly every
vestige of which has long since disappeared. To
find an example of what this ancient glass was like
we have only to visit the neighbouring church of
Stanford-on-Avon, five miles distant, where there are
carefully preserved specimens dating from 1327 to
examples of fifteenth- or sixteenth-century work.

Of the interior fittings of our church at this date
all have been lost with the exception of fragments
of a screen, the main portion of which was many years
ago removed to Stanford-on-Avon, where it is still to
be seen. What small part is left to us now does
duty as an organ screen. The pulpit dates from the
middle of the fifteenth century and has been much
restored. Pulpits, as Mr. Pick points out, were used
in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries.
There are many examples of such on the Continent.
There are a few fourteenth-century examples in

THE REBUILDING OF THE CHURCH 51

England, notably a stone one at Beaulieu in Hamp-
shire. Pulpits were placed in the refectories of
monasteries as well as in churches, and, indeed,
sometimes on the outside walls of churches ; but it
was not until the fifteenth century that they came
into general use in our churches. In many cases the
original pulpits were among the furnishings which
were destroyed by the Puritanical idealism which
swept all our ecclesiastical buildings bare just after
the Reformation.

The Lutterworth pulpit has acquired an unde-
served world-renown under the mistaken notion that
it was the identical pulpit from which the great
Reformer promulgated his doctrines. Nichols says :
" It is a sexagon made of thick oak planks with a
seam of carved work in the joints, and is preserved
and continued in memory of Wycliffe, whose pulpit
it was, if constant tradition may be credited."

At one time the pulpit was surmounted by a large
sounding-board. This suffered in the great disaster
of the fall of the spire. Nichols says : " The sounding-
board was beat to pieces, but many of the fragments
were selected as could be removed from the rubbish,
and are now fixed against the wall of the vestry "
(date 1790).

As doubts were cast upon the authenticity of this
relic it was sold about the year 1836, and is said to
have been purchased by a member of the Fry family
(of chocolate fame) and converted into a dining-table.
The fragments of the screen already alluded to
were discovered in the gallery during the restoration
of 1867, and, coming into the hands of the late Mr.
George Binns, at that time headmaster of Sherrier s

52 LUTTERWORTH

School, were by him carefully restored and re-pre-
sented to the church. It is thought that this screen
once surrounded the Lady Chapel which occupied
the east end of the south aisle. A piscina dating
from the fourteenth century may still be seen in the
south wall.

In the chancel, close by the altar on the north
side, is an aumbry, a square cupboard for keeping
the sacramental vessels, and on the south side, exactly
opposite, is an Early English piscina. These recesses
were certainly used by the early rectors, and were
probably there in the time of Wycliffe.

In the north arch of the chancel, close by where
the pulpit now stands, is an opening called a Squint
or Hagioscope. These were connexions between
the High Altar and a less important one to enable
the priest officiating at the side altar to witness the
elevation of the Host.

In 1534-35 there was a chantry within this church,
the state of which is thus reported : —

" The said Guild was founded by Edmund
Muryall to find one priest called a Guild Priest to
celebrate Divine Service within the Parish Church of
Lutterworth and to pray for the soul of the said
founder. And the said room is now void, and no
priest there resides nor is there plate, jewels or any
other article belonging" (Nichols).

On the dissolution of the lesser chantries in 1534
this, in all probability, fell into the public hands and
was applied to secular purposes for the public benefit-
Shortly before the Reformation the property
brought in, in the money of the period, 45s. 3d.
yearly.

WKsT Akrii I r 11 1- k\V(tk I H ( iiiKc M

XII

THE FRESCO OVER THE CHANCEL

ARCH

THE upper part of the chancel arch is
covered by a unique picture of the Day of
Judgment.
As in the case of the fresco on the north wall,
of which we have already written, this one was
discovered under the plaster at the time of the
restoration of the church in 1869 and attracted
considerable attention. An account of the dis-
covery was laid before the Society of Antiquaries
in London.

In the fresco. Our Saviour is represented sitting
in the centre of a rainbow which terminates on
either side in an orb, supposed to represent the sun
and moon. His feet rest upon clouds of glory,
and on his right side and on his left are archangels
sounding the last trump. Below is depicted a grave-
yard with the dead rising from their graves. Some
are clothed as in life ; others are destitute of clothing
and some even of flesh. All classes of people are
represented, from royalty with its crown to the
humblest subject. From some of the graves fire is
seen issuing, portraying the torment of hell. Strewn
around the ground are skulls and bones. Some of

S3

54 LUTTERWORTH

the beings rising from the graves are shown in a
position as if suppHcating mercy.

This picture is of great value on account of its
undoubted antiquity. It was part of the decoration
of the church placed there most likely after the re-
building of the chancel arch in the fifteenth century.
In all probability the church was at this period
covered with frescoes, such being employed as a
means of instruction for people entirely devoid of
the art of reading.

Much akin to these frescoes were the Miracle
Plays performed in the Middle Ages, and of which
tradition says Lutterworth Church was frequently
the scene. These plays were generally of a most
impressive character — The Passion of Christ, Flight
into Egypt, Adoration of the Magi, etc. — although it
is said that at times they became almost blasphemous
caricatures of scenes and incidents relating to Holy
Writ. The prohibition by Bonner, Bishop of London,
forbidding these plays was no doubt highly coloured,
because it was given just at the most exciting
moment of the Reformation of the Church.

Miracle Plays and others of dramatic character
were continued in churches after the Reformation,
until stringent measures were adopted by Queen
Elizabeth against all exhibitions calculated to retard
the progress of the Reformation. In spite of this
Miracle Plays were performed in churches even as
late as the seventeenth century.

INTKM'Pi^ <i| I r 11 KKWOK I H (1ILK(H. sU()\\IN<. IKl.ui) lAI.U

CHANC Kl, Akt H

XIII

WYCLIFFE RELICS PRESERVED IN THE

CHURCH

OF the Wycliffe relics preserved in the church,
as has been already intimated, none are
authentic. In a glass case in the vestry is
the so-called Wycliffe's vestment. In bygone years
it was an object of great veneration, and portions
were frequently stolen, as it was supposed to
have a miraculous power. It was to prevent this
pillage that the relic was placed under glass and
locked up.

The chair shown as the chair in which Wycliffe
was carried from the church when smitten with
paralysis, and the authenticity of which is vouched
for by a brass plate, is unfortunately of unquestionably
seventeenth-century work, as are also the wooden
candlesticks long known as Wycliffe's. And no
better fate awaits the most cherished of all Lutter-
worth's possessions — the actual table on which the
great Reformer translated the Bible into English,
and for which our American cousins are reported to
have offered no less than ;i^40,ooo ! It is a most
interesting and valuable object nevertheless, but is
in no way associated with Wycliffe. In his time
altars were constructed of stone, and it was not until

55

56 LUTTERWORTH

considerably later that they were displaced by
communion tables of wood. During the reign of
Queen Mary, for a short period altars of stone were
again introduced; but in 1566 Elizabeth ordered
communion tables to be set up in all the churches,
and churchwardens were compelled to sign a declara-
tion on oath that the stone ones had been destroyed.

The table in Lutterworth Church is undoubtedly
a fine example of an Elizabethan communion table,
and was introduced at a time when the Sacrament
was administered to communicants sitting round the
table as in the Last Supper of Our Lord, and for this
reason is provided with sliding extensions.

v.

y.

XIV

LUTTERWORTH IN THE TIME OF
THE CIVIL WAR

LUTTERWORTH found itself in the vortex
of the storm of civil strife which swept the
land in the seventeenth century and culmin-
ated in the defeat of the Royalist party at Naseby, a
few miles across the Northamptonshire border.

In the Chiirchward67is Accounts, under date May
1643, is the entry : "Paid to Prince Rupert's Trum-
peters, ;^2," and again, " Paid to Wm. Pettifor for
writing out the Covenant, 6d." Probably these
incidents arose out of the siege of Leicester, for our
district at that time swarmed with Royalist troops on
their way south after the struggle for the mastery of
that town.

On the 13th of June 1645 the King's army, after
resting for several days at Rugby, marched to Market
Harborough, passing through Swinford and the lovely
avenue by Stanford Park which we now call the Beech
Avenue. The King and his suite rested at the hall
for the midday meal, and the bridge in this park over
which he passed and repassed on this occasion is to
this day known as " King Charles' Bridge."

Arrived at Market Harborough at night, tired out
with the long march over hilly ground, the army was

i?

58 LUTTERWORTH

ordered to proceed immediately to Northampton,
where it was known Cromwell's army was stationed.

The two armies met at the village of Naseby on
the following day, namely, the 14th June, and here
was fought the battle which decided the fate of the
Royalist cause. By sunset the King's army was
utterly routed, and once more our little town was filled
with refugees.

Tradition says that King Charles in his flight
passed through Lutterworth and stayed to have his
horse's shoes fastened there, but there is apparently
no documentary corroboration of this story. After
the battle he fled by Leicester to Ashby-de-la-Zouch,
and it is exceedingly probable that he took the route
through Lutterworth.

The rector of Lutterworth at this time was the
Rev, Nathaniel Tovey, B.D., a staunch Royalist,
who doubtlessly ministered to the utmost of his
powers to the wounded soldiers passing through his
parish. There are also several inns still remaining
which may well have harboured fugitives from Naseby.

Mr. Tovey suffered for his loyalty, being ejected
from his living. He has a claim to remembrance as
having at one time of his life been tutor to Milton.
Son of a chaplain to Lord Harrington of Exton, and
who afterwards became master of the Free School
at Coventry, Nathaniel Tovey was at an early
period of his life taken under the patronage of Lucy,
Countess of Bedford, the only daughter of his father's
patron. Lord Harrington. Under her auspices he
was entered at Christ's College, Cambridge, and it was
while here that he had the honour of becoming tutor
to the immortal bard. Having taken the degree of

LUTTERWORTH IN TIME OF CIVIL WAR 59

B.D., he was presented by King- Charles I to the
living of Lutterworth, but was dispossessed, as we
have seen, in or before the year 1647 for his adherence
to the royal cause.

From this period there is a hiatus in Mr. Tovey's
career; but in June 1654 we find him, through the
friendship of John Manners, Earl of Pentland,
inducted to the living of Aylestone, near Leicester,
where he died, apparently simultaneously with his
wife, in 1658, an entry in the parish register at Ayle-
stone reading : " 1658, Mr. Nathaniel Tovey, minister
of this parish and Elizabeth his wife were buryed the
9th day of Sept. 1658."

An entry in the Clmrchwardens Accou?its, dated
the loth April 1650, throws a lurid light upon ways
prevailing in days which we have now grown accus-
tomed (so softened by the haze of distance have they
become) to regard with reverence and delight : —

" Given " (it reads) " 4 shillings.'

" Agnes Griffen was nailed to a tree by hand and
foot, having wounds on her head and her
body cut, being forced to eat her own flesh
and drink her own blood by the rebels."
"This letter of request was signed by Justices of
the Peace. 4 shillings."

Surely no exaggerated compensation, even taking
into account the purchasing power of four shillings
in the seventeenth century ! There is no further
record of this outrage, but probably the unfortunate
woman was one of the many victims of the victors
of Naseby, and shows the length to which religious
fanaticism can go in thehandsofan irresponsible rabble.

6o LUTTERWORTH

Lutterworth supplied at least one soldier to the
Royalist cause in the person of Col. William Cole.
In the Charity Commissioners Report for i8jy is
recorded the fact that by an Indenture of Lease and
Release, dated 19th and 20th January 1693, Margaret
Bent conveyed to William Cole of the Spittal, near
Lutterworth, Thomas Morris, and ten others certain
properties in trust for charities at Lutterworth. The
" Spittal " named as the residence of the first-
mentioned transferee clearly leads us to the site of
the old Hospital of St. John, whose history we have
already followed to its extinction. Apparently a
later residence was erected, probably out of the old
materials, upon the site of the Hospital, and it was this
house, preserving in its name the memory of its fore-
runner, which was the home of Lutterworth's re-
doubtable warrior. William Cole was a son of
Richard Cole of Hertfordshire. He married Barbara,
daughter of George Halford, second son of Sir
Henry Halford of Wistow, and acquired, apparently
in her right, the lordship of Laughton in Leicester-
shire and the Spittal Estate at Lutterworth with its
two water-mills. Col. Cole served under Charles I
and his successors for fifty-seven years, and was one
of the ofentlemen whom Kincj Charles II intended to
honour as Knight of the Royal Oak, his estate being
worth ;^6oo a year.

He died in 1698 and was buried at Laughton, as
appears from the following entry in the register of
Lutterworth Church : " Wm. Cole Esq. was buried at
Laughton ist April 1698."

His only daughter married the Rev. Bailey
Shuttleworth, rector of Laughton, carrying the

roi.K ARMS, i,.\r(;ni(iN ( m K( ii

LUTTERWORTH IN TIME OF CIVIL WAR 6i

Spittal property into the family whose representa-
tive, Robert Shuttlevvorth, Esq., was owner in 1758,
when the celebrated mill trial, to be referred to later
on, took place.

The family of Cole have remained in Lutterworth
until the present time. They were active supporters
of the Concjrecrational Church established here in
1684, and the names of members of this family are
found throughout the church records.

In a directory called the Universal Directory,
published in London and dated 1793-94, we find
under Lutterworth the name —

"Richard Cole, Woollen Manufacturer."

This Richard Cole was one of the founders of the
old Gooseberry Show Society, whose records exist
from the year 181 8 and are in the earlier years in
his handwriting.

A sword, which was formerly the property of Col.
William Cole, is still in the possession of Mrs. King
of Lutterworth, she being the last of the family, which
with her is believed to become extinct.

In closing this section on the history of our town
during the Civil War, we may here mention an
interesting piece of furniture which was removed from
our church at the time of the restoration under Sir
Gilbert Scott, and has now found its way to Ulles-
thorpe Court. It is in the form of a small square
box on spiral legs, and is evidently of the Cromwellian
period, ll would appear at one time to have been
divided into one large and two small c()m[)artments,
and in all probability was constructed to hold church
plate — possibly a pewter service. The use of pewter

62 LUTTERWORTH

for altar vessels was by no means unknown ; in fact,
it became common when the vessels of the purer
metal had been commandeered during the Civil War.
We have no record that this was actually the case
at Lutterworth, but its possibility is rendered not
unlikely by the knowledge that Lutterworth was
plundered by Hastings' troops from Ashby-de-la-Zouch
on the nth January 1644. It was also visited by
the same troops at a later date, for in Memorials of
Old Leicestershire we read (p. 211): "The English
Roundheads, urged by the Parliament and the Puritan
ministers, were flocking to the appointed centres to
take the Covenant, the date fixed for Leicestershire
being Sunday, 3rd March, and the place Leicester.
Hastings, having notice thereof with four troops from
Beaver Whorton House and another garrison, coursed
about the country, laying hands on all the clergy,
churchwardens, and other church officers whom he
could catch and haling them to Ashby. Whitelock
says that a hundred of them in all were captured,
but the figures are not to be relied upon. Sweeping
round Leicester through Lutterworth and Sutton,
Hastings came to Hinckley on 3rd March with his
prisoners and a large quantity of cattle and other
plunder. The Leicester men, hearing of his where-
abouts, mustered what horse and foot they could, and
sallied forth under Lieut. -Col. Henry Grey, fell upon
him in Hinckley market-place, drove him out into
the fields, and beat him, capturing 50 prisoners,
140 horse, 80 head of cattle, with divers packs of
ammunition, and recovering all the prisoners, who had
been locked in Hinckley Church."

XV

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE
MANOR OF LUTTERWORTH

W^E left the Manor of Lutterworth in the
hands of the Crown upon the attainder of
the Duke of Suffoll^ in 1554, and it con-
tinued in the same hands until the reign of Charles I,
when it was granted to the Mayor and Commonalty
of the City of London, on the 4th June 1625, under
the Great Seal of England, and also under the Seal
of the Duchy of Lancaster. The new lords of the
Manor, however, did not long continue to enjoy it,
for we find that on Saturday, the 13th of June 1629,
they conveyed the Manor of Lutterworth, with the
royalties, toll of market, and all the rents belonging
to the Manor, with certain specified exceptions, being
then of the yearly rent of /^S^, 14s. id., to Basil
Feilding, Esq., and George Vernam (or Farnham),
gentleman, of the City of London, for the sum of
jC 1^50. From this time the Manor has remained in
the hands of the Feilding family, the present Earl
of Denbigh being now its lord.

Although it was not until 1629 that the Fcildings
became possessed of the actual Manor, yet, as we
have seen, they had been connected with the place

for centuries before, and the history of this ancient

63

64 LUTTERWORTH

house forms one of the most interesting chapters in
the history of Lutterworth.

The Feildings have always claimed to be the
only descendants in the direct male line of the House
of Hapsburg — the elder but female branch now reigns
in Austria. Modern researchers into antiquity, how-
ever, dispute this point, which has been the subject
of much controversy.

It is a fact that as early as the middle of the
eleventh century there was a family of the name of
Feilding settled in the Isle of Ely. This has been
proved by the existence of a grant to Bernard Feilding
by William Rufus of the Manor of Donnington in the
Isle of Ely — a grant afterwards confirmed to his son,
Soland Feilding.

Then later, about the reign of Henry III, we
find a Thomas Feilding resident in Lutterworth —
probably a member of a younger branch of the Ely
Feildings.

Sir Geoffrey Feilding, claimed by the family to
be of Hapsburg descent, married Matilda de Colville.
Her father, John de Colville, as we have already
seen, took as his second wife Joan Feilding, the
daughter of Thomas Feilding of Lutterworth men-
tioned above. Joan adopted her step-daughter
Matilda as her heiress, conveying to her her property
in Lutterworth. In this way the Feilding possessions,
which had for a while passed into the de Colville
family, were restored once more to the Feildings in
the persons of Sir Geoffrey and Matilda. This was
a turning-point in the fortunes of the Feildings of
Lutterworth.

Sir Geoffrey Feilding served in Henry Ill's army.

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 65

and was renowned for his great valour and his brave
deeds. As a reward for his services the Kino- settled
on him certain lands in Northamptonshire and
Leicestershire to be handed on to his son and heirs
for ever. His wife inherited also from her mother,
Cecilia de Verdun, a certain portion of land round
Lutterworth, as well as the mansion house in which
they dwelt.

Their descendants continued to live there for
many years, until towards the end of the fourteenth
century they came by marriage into possession of
Newnham Paddox in Warwickshire, where they dwell
to this day.

Geoffrey, the son of Sir Geoffrey and Matilda,
married Agnes de Napton, Through this marriage
another large property round Lutterworth and
Misterton came into the possession of the Feildings,
and has belonged to them ever since.

It is from Geoffrey's second son, John, that was
descended the Sir Geoffrey Feilding who became
Lord Mayor of London in 1452.

William Feilding, eldest son and heir of Geoffrey
and Agnes, was given the mansion house by his
father. This old house is said by Nichols to have
been in Ely Lane, now Station Road, in Lutter-
worth. It was afterwards sold by William's son,
John Feilding, to Sir Rauf de Stanlow on 5th July
1 3 19, and so it passed completely out of the
possession of the Feildings.

William fallowed his grandfather's example and

served in the English army, fighting under I^dward

III in the French War of 1339. He added

Newnham Paddox to the family's growing posses-

5

66 LUTTERWORTH

sions by his marriage with Jane Prudhomme, the
granddaughter of Robert de Newnham.

The succeeding generations of the Feildings
were, we find, nearly all conspicuous for the part
they took in the various wars. Five of them were
knighted for services rendered to their country.

In the fifteenth century William Feilding, son of
John and Margaret Purefoy, and grandson to
William and Jane Prudhomme, was appointed
by Henry VI sheriff of the counties of Cambridge
and Huntingdon. He fought for the Lancastrians in
the Civil War of the Roses and was slain at the
battle of Tewkesbury in 1471.

Everard, his son, fought at the battles of Stoke
in 1487 and Blackheath in 1497, as a commander,
and was rewarded by knighthood. He held several
important posts in Leicestershire and Warwickshire,
besides being a member of the Privy Council under
Henry VIII. When he died in 1515 he possessed
land in Rutland, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire,
Leicestershire, and the Isle of Ely. Tradition has it
that he was buried in the Church of Our Lady at the
Blackfriars, Northampton, but no trace of his tomb
can now be found.

Everard's son and heir, William, knighted for
raising forces amongst his tenantry for the Scotch
War, was held in great esteem at Court, especially by
Jane Seymour, the third wife of Henry VIII, who,
on the birth of Prince Edward, sent him a special
message informing him of this event, and demanding
his prayers and congratulations. He died in 1549,
and he and his wife Elizabeth were the first to be
buried in the church at Monks Kirby. His son

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 6^

Basil, with Goodith Willington, his wife, is also
buried there.

By this time the lands owned by the Feildings
were of a fair proportion, each generation having, as
we have seen, added its own share. Basil at his
death possessed in and about Lutterworth " the
mansion house, 24 cottages, 3 shops, 300 acres of
arable land, 100 of pasture, and 40 of meadow,"
besides property in Rutland, Warwickshire, and
Leicestershire.

Of the two following generations practically
nothincT is known save their names and the names

O

of their wives. We find mention of a Sir William
Feilding, sheriff of Warwickshire and Rutlandshire,
who married Dorothy Lane. His son Basil was born
in 1556 and died in 1 605 ; he was also sheriff of War-
wickshire. He took as his wife Elizabeth Aston.

Finally we come to W'illiam, the first Earl of
Denbigh. He married Susan Villiers, sister of the
Duke of Buckincrham, and throuorh his brother-in-law
was introduced to the Court of James I, where he
rapidly rose in rank until in 1623 he was created
Earl of Denbigh. In the same year he is said to
have accompanied the Prince of Wales and the Duke
of Buckingham on the secret journey they made to
Spain in the hopes of bringing about the marriage
between the Prince and the Infanta Maria Ana, the
daughter of Philip III of Spain. Her picture, which
they brought to England to show to King James,
was, on James' refusal of it, given by Buckingham
to his sister Susan, Lady Denbigh, at Newnham,
where it has remained ever since.

George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, was the

68 LUTTERWORTH

son of Sir George Villiers of Brokesby and Mary
Beaumont. His mother, having great ambitions and
high hopes, coupled with an exceedingly strong will,
generally succeeded in getting what she wished.
Left in sole charge of the boy after his father's death,
she sent him to school at Billesdon. At the age of
eighteen he went to France that he might learn to
bear himself with the ease and grace of the French
courtiers. Thus equipped, he entered the English
Court at twenty-one, where his mother had purchased
for him the appointment of cupbearer to the King,
hoping that by his good looks he would soon attract
James' attention. In this he was wholly successful,
for the King refused thenceforth to allow the young
man out of his sight. He proceeded to heap honours
upon him, creating him first Viscount Villiers in 1616,
then Earl, Marquis, and finally Duke of Buckingham
in 1623. James kept his favourite well supplied with
money, and Buckingham, who loved magnificence,
took care to please his master by appearing before
him in the most splendid costumes.

In 1620 he married the greatest heiress of the
kingdom — Catherine, daughter of the Earl of
Rutland.

Through Villiers dignities were showered on his
family ; his mother was made Countess of Bucking-
ham in her own right, a privilege rarely granted in
those days. One of his brothers was created Earl of
Anglesey and the other Viscount Purbeck. The
influence he possessed over the King was unbounded,
and that friendship with the heir-apparent was
already begun which in later years brought about
Villiers' fatal and tragic end.

Wll.ll \M I IKsl I.AKI. Ol |)|.M;|i,H

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 69

On this prince's accession he made George
VilHers one of his ministers, and showered upon him
even more favours than had his father, King James.
The rapidity of these advancements naturally raised
much jealousy among the noblemen at Court. But
Villiers did not appear conscious of his unpopularity,
or, if he were so, he disregarded it entirely and
refused to take any measures to ensure his personal
safety.

In the year 1625 the last link between the King
and Parliament was strained almost to breakincj-
point, and Charles thought to appease his subjects
by sending over an army to help the besieged
Huguenots at La Rochelle. The French King,
Louis XIII, was at that time eno^aored in a war with
the Huguenots and had sent a petition to the English
King for help. Charles replied by sending over
some ships to La Rochelle, but the men refusing to
fight against their co-religionists, instead of for them
as they had been given to understand. Admiral
Pennington, their commander, was obliged to sail
home again. A second attempt being made, with
William, Earl of Denbigh, in command, was as
miserable a failure as the first.

The Duke of Buckingham, holding the office of
Lord High Admiral of England, was consequently
held responsible for these unnecessary blunders. In
order to try and retrieve his reputation he decided
to personally conduct a third fleet against La
Rochelle. But the ill-feeling of the nation against
this u.selcss loss of precious life, labour, and money
was intense, and on leaving his house at Portsmouth
in August 1628 to embark, Buckingham was stabbed

JO LUTTERWORTH

by John Felton. When Felton, one of his former
officers, was afterwards questioned regarding his
motive, he replied that no one had instigated him to
the deed ; he beheved that he could not sacrifice his
life in a better cause than by ridding his country of
one of her greatest and most powerful enemies.

The Duke of Buckingham is buried in Henry
VII's Chapel at Westminster Abbey. Lord
Clarendon describes him as a man of noble nature
and generous disposition. He says : '* His kindness
and affection to his friends was vehement, and he was
an enemy in the same excess. His flight, rather
than his ascent to fortune, was a snare few could
have resisted. He was a munificent patron of
learning and of the fine arts in spite of his deficient
education, and he formed a magnificent collection
of pictures."

In the years that followed the Duke of Bucking-
ham's death the old struggle between the King and
Parliament grew fiercer. Charles was continually
making promises in order to get money, and then
he would break them immediately the supplies were
granted him. Thus matters went from bad to worse,
until at last in 1642 it was evident to all that the
struggle could not be continued without war. Both
parties collected troops, and then began that terrible
Civil War which raged throughout England for so
many years. Families were divided amongst them-
selves, and there are few sadder illustrations of the
intense misery thus caused than that shown in the
letters of Susan Villiers to her son Basil, who fought
as a Roundhead against his Royalist father.

"It is to these letters," says Knowles, in his

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 71

introduction to the Denbigh Manuscripts, "that the
deepest interest attaches, the letters of the first
Countess of Denbigh — 'Su Denbigh,' as she signs
herself in a bold handwriting indicative of the strong
and earnest character which her correspondence shows
her to have possessed. They are addressed to her
son Basil, on the outbreak of the Civil War, and in
the impassioned and affecting eloquence with which
she appeals to him not to take arms against the King,
there is reflected the throes of Sfrief which she shared
in common with thousands of English mothers to
whom the Civil War brouorht the distraction of

O

divided households."

Basil Feildinof was Su Denbifrh's eldest son.
His father was a staunch Royalist, adhering steadfastly
to King Charles and serving him loyally during the
Civil War. It was consequently the greatest of
blows to such a father when his son joined the rebel
camp. Though there is nothing amongst the family
letters to show Basil's reasons for going against his
father's wishes, there is equally no proof, nor hint,
that he acted as he did from any personal ambition.
His motives, indeed, appear to have been just and
honourable.

It may be interesting to give here a few extracts
from Lady Denbigh's letters written at this time to
her son. Basil must evidently have made his inclina-
tion towards the parliamentary cause known to his
parents before the war actually broke out, for we find
the following undated letter from his mother to him :
" I am informed that the Bishops will be inquestioned
in the begening of next wicke for ther votes in the
Hous; therefore I would intretc you to absent your

72 LUTTERWORTH

selfe at that tyme, that you make not the last error
worse than the furst, to the perpetuell gref of the
hearte of your poore mother."

Then on the nth July 1642, after the declaration
of war, there is an earnest appeal to Basil not to take
arms against the King, but to go " to Nuenham
(Newnham Paddox), and go not with them (the
King's enemies) in any of these actions. . . . I cannot
forget what a son I had once, and I hope to see him
so agane."

Lady Denbigh wrote many other letters to this
son. They are all in the same strain, begging him
to return to the Royalist camp. They failed, how-
ever, in their purpose, as is proved by the following
letter written shortly before the battle of Edgehill in
which father and son fought on opposite sides. " The
perpetuel fere I am in of hereing of wors and wors
nuce- (news) of my poor Master (the King) makes me
abounde with sorroue, and I hope you will not be
against him, for now it is plainly seene what is
aimed at."

Then follow two more appeals to him not to fight
against the person of the King. " I do intrete you to
be kind to the King, for by this tyme you see howe
much he is wronged. . . . Our Lord of His marci
send an end to these descensions of these trobelsom
tymes."

** I cannot refrane from righting (writing) to you,
and withall to beg of you to have a care of your selfe
and of your honner, and as you have ever professed
to me and all your friends that you would not be
against the person of the King, and noue it is planely
declared what is intended to him and his royall

.*»Li.-^AN, (<>LfNIK>> ot l>lNi;|i,ii

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 73

authority, so noue is the tyme to make your selfe and
me happy by letting all the world see who have been
deluded all this tyme by them that pretend to be of
the commonwelth. It is more seene what ther ame
is, but I hope you will leave them and go to the
King to gane the reputation you have loust. Being
with them you shall be well receved by the King,
only let it be in tyme, for I do beleeve the King will
have the better of his enymies."

Basil, however, still continued fighting for Parlia-
ment against the King. He soon 'gained the reputa-
tion of being one of the best commanders in the army,
as well as the most humane, for his kindly treatment
of those under him, a rare quality in those days. He
rendered many great services to his cause ; he helped
to open again the main road to London from the
north, by capturing Russell House in Staffordshire
and Cholmondely House in Chester in 1644.

He was regarded by the other side as one of the
ablest generals their enemy possessed, and there can
be no doubt but that he contributed largely to the
success of the parliamentary army.

In 1643 his father was severely wounded in a
skirmish near Birmingham, and died shortly after of
his injuries.

The Civil War continued to drag on until Oxford,
where Charles had so long held his Court, surrendered
to General Fairfax in June 1646. The King, being
shortly after beaten in the field, decided in despair to
trust himself to the Scotch army, which was then
as far south as Nottinghamshire.

Charles' faithlessness had by this lime deprived
him of most of his friends, and, in spite of many

74 LUTTERWORTH

promises made to the country, the Scotch in January
1647 treacherously handed him over to his enemies
for a large sum of money.

The King as a prisoner was moved about from
place to place ; once he escaped, but soon was re-
captured. The Commonwealth was now victorious
over all its enemies. After imprisoning those mem-
bers of the House of Commons who had voted in
favour of an agreement with the King, the Round-
heads tried and condemned Charles himself on a
charge of high treason, and executed him in 1649.

The widowed Queen Henrietta Maria, being
exiled to France, was followed thither by many of
her ladies, amongst whom was Su Denbigh. The
latter was held in great esteem by the Queen, and
remained with her till 1652, when she died, without
the happiness of seeing her son reconciled once more
to the Crown.

At the Restoration, Basil, Earl of Denbigh,
tendered his submission, and was officially pardoned
by Charles H. The pardon, with the Royal Seal
attached to it, is preserved at Newnham. Basil,
through the special favour of Charles H, was created
Baron St. Liz in 1664. He married four times, but
without issue, and died at Dunstable on his way to
London in November 1675. His body was brought
back to Newnham and buried in Monks Kirby
Church.

From Basil's brother John is descended Henry
Feilding, the famous novelist.

George Feilding, younger brother to Basil, was
created Baron Feilding of Lecaghe and Viscount
Callan. He was given later the reversion of the

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 75

title of Desmond on the death of the then Earl of
that name, conditionally on his marrying Desmond's
only daughter. But this lady, having a will of her
own, objected to having her matrimonial affairs
arranged for her, and refused to marry Lord Feilding.
At her father's death George Feilding still kept his
right to the title of Desmond, there being no direct
male heir. Basil, dying without issue in 1675, the
two titles became merged.

William, eldest son of George, succeeding his
uncle in 1675, thus became third Earl of Denbigh,
being already second Earl of Desmond. He was
Deputy Lord-Lieutenant for Warwickshire in 1682
until 1685. He married first Mary, widow of Sir
William Meredith, by whom he had two sons and a
daughter; and after her death in 1669 he married
Mary Carey, daughter of the Earl of Monmouth, but
she died without issue on 9th December 17 19. He
died in 1685 at Canonbury House in Middlesex, and
is buried in the old family vault in Monks Kirby
Church, where lie the remains of the first and second
Earls of Denbigh.

William was succeeded by his eldest son Basil,
who, at the early age of seventeen, matriculated at
Christ Church, Oxford. In 1694 he was Colonel of a
regiment of Dragoons and Master of the Horse to
Prince George of Denmark till 1695. He also held
the office of Lord- Lieutenant of Leicestershire for
four years. He married Hester, the daughter and
sole heir of Sir Basil 1' irebrace, son of the devoted
Royalist, Sir Henry Eirebrace, who attended
Charles I on the scaffold, there receiving, as a mark
of gratitude from the King, His Majesty's miniature

ye LUTTERWORTH

set in diamonds in a small ring. This ring is still in
the possession of the present Earl of Denbigh, and
is regfarded as one of his greatest treasures.

Basil, Lord Denbigh, died about 1716 or 17 17,
leaving as his heir his eldest son William.

The fifth Earl also matriculated at Christ Church,
Oxford, at an early age. He married about 17 18
Isabella de Yonge of Utrecht, and by her had one son,
Basil, who succeeded him.

Basil was cupbearer to King George III at his
Coronation in 1761, having also been a Privy
Councillor to George II. He married in 1757 Mary,
the daughter of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, the last
male heir of the great antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton,
who, at a vast expense and labour, procured that
invaluable collection known as the Cottonian Library,
now in the British Museum.

There is an interesting anecdote told concerning
this Mary Cotton. She and Lord Denbigh, journey-
ing up to London in a coach, stopped, as was their
custom, at a wayside inn on the Watling Street Road.
This inn was then, and still is, called " Denbigh Hall "
by reason of its being the place where the family
always changed horses. The innkeeper asked Lady
Denbigh if she would allow his nephew, whose
father kept an inn on the Bath Road, to do her
portrait. She willingly, and we may imagine
smilingly, consented. The portrait, in pastelle, ex-
cellently rendered, is now among the treasures at
Newnham. The lad became celebrated afterwards
as the great court painter. Sir Thomas Lawrence.
This portrait of Lady Denbigh is one of his first
recorded efforts.

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR ^^

She died on 14th October 1782, and Basil
married again, in less than twelve months, Sarah,
widow of Sir Edward Farnham of Ouorndon House,
in Leicestershire.

By his wife, Mary Cotton, Lord Denbigh had
two sons. The elder, William, married Anne Powys
of Berwick House, near Shrewsbury, where at the
entrance to the drive there used to stand some
maornificent old wrous^ht-iron urates.

Berwick House and the property were left by
Thomas Yelf Powys, the father of Anne, to her
second son, Henry Wentworth (who took the name
of Powys), for he did not wish that Berwick and
Newnham should fall into the same hands. But both
Henry and his younger brother Everard dying
without issue, all the Powys possessions passed in
1876 to the eighth Earl of Denbigh. At the sale of
Berwick in the following year the gates were erected
on their present site at Newnham Paddox, after
beinor restored at Norwich and havino^ the Feildincj
arms added. These gates are the second best of
their kind in England, the first place being held
by those owned by the Duke of Westminster at
Eaton ; they were both made by the celebrated
Roberts Brothers in the late seventeenth, or early
eighteenth, century. The exact date of the Newnham
Gates is uncertain, but there is a tradition that they
were ordered by a French nobleman, and, he being
unable to pay for them, they were then bought and
erected at Berwick.

On entering the army Viscount Feilding was
promoted rapidly, becoming eventually a major-
general. He raised the 22nd Regiment of Dragoons,

7% LUTTERWORTH

but died during his father's Hfetime, being seized with
a severe malady while on a visit to Newcastle, of
which he expired after a few days' illness. His body
was brought to Monks Kirby for interment. In
those days when there were no railways, it must have
been a great undertaking to have brought a body
such a long distance for burial. Years afterwards an
old man who lived in Monks Kirby remarked to a
member of the family that he remembered very well
when the young lord was brought from "foreign
parts " to be buried at his old home. This old man
had never seen a railway train in his life, and was
evidently convinced that the distance between his
village, which he had never left, and Newcastle was
great enough to constitute sufficient reason for the
town being styled a "foreign part."

William and his father, who died in July 1800,
were the last of the family to be buried in the old
vault at Monks Kirby.

Basil was succeeded by his grandson, William,
eldest surviving son of the above Viscount Feilding.
Born at Berwick House and educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge, he matriculated in 181 6.
Chamberlain to Queen Adelaide during the King's
life, he was her Master of Horse during that period
and during her widowhood, in which latter period
the Queen paid a visit to Newnham Paddox. The
room she used is, to this day, known as "the Queen's
Room," and a large carpet, specially made, with the
family arms, etc., which she presented to her host, is
still preserved at Newnham.

Lord Denbigh married Mary, daughter of the
first Earl of Ducie ; she died twenty years after

y.

THE FEILDINGS— LORDS OF THE MANOR 79

their marriage, in the forty-fourth year of her age,
leaving him with eleven children. Two of these,
Percy and William, entered the Coldstream Guards
and fouoht in the Crimean War, one as Lieutenant-
General and the other as INIajor-Gcneral. Each in
turn commanded the regiment.

The eldest son, Rudolph, succeeded to the title
on his father's death in 1865. He was educated at
Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1846 he
had married Louisa Pennant, only daughter and
heiress of David Pennant, son of Thomas, the famous
naturalist and antiquary, and through her had come
into possession of Thomas Pennant's beautiful home
of Downing Hall, Flintshire.

Louisa Pennant died without issue seven years
after their marriage, being only twenty-four years of
age. F'our years later Lord Feilding married Mary
Berkeley, of Spetchley, Worcestershire. He suc-
ceeded his father in 1865 and died in 1892. Lady
Denbigh survived him nine years, dying in Rome in
the year 1901.

Their eldest son, Rudolph, the present and
ninth Earl of Denbigh, inheriting the titles, home,
and estates of the Feildings, brings this brief history
of an old Lutterworth family up to date.

XVI

ADMINISTRATION OF LAW IN
LUTTERWORTH

THERE are many persons who have resided
all their lives in Lutterworth or its neigh-
bourhood and yet have not the slightest idea
that almost daily they pass and repass an ancient
prison with cells and dungeons dating back possibly
to mediaeval times.

We have seen that five hundred years ago the
burgesses of Lutterworth were free of suit of the
County and the Hundred — in other words, were not
compelled to seek justice in either the County or the
Hundred Court, as they had their own independent
tribunal. And here in our Hioh Street is a court-
house with prison still standing, although unrecognized,
which no doubt carries us back to the days when
rough justice was administered by this very tribunal.
At the bottom of High Street, where Regent
Street branches off, will be observed a curiously
constructed edifice. This was the Justice House of
bygone years. The upper part of this ancient place
was the Constable's house, and below are the prisons
in which offenders were confined. Probably the
largest room on the ground floor was the court-
room, and here, no doubt, many a malefactor has re-

ADMINISTRATION OF LAW IN LUTTERWORTH 8i

ceived his sentence. Some slight echo of a murder
trial, the initial stages of which may have taken place
in this room, is still to be found on a small slate grave-
stone in the churchyard which reads : —

IN MEMORY OF

WILLIAM BANBURY

KILLED BY ROBBERS

UPON OVER HEATH

NOV. 25 1676

The unfortunate man whose untimely death is
here recorded was a Lutterworth tradesman who
had journeyed to Rugby on business. As he was
crossing Over Heath (a primeval heath, part of
which still survives in Swinford Gorse) on his way
home he was attacked by robbers, robbed, and
murdered. His body was subsequently found in a
field still called " Deadman's Field," which is close
beside the Rugby Road, near the village of Churchover.
Suspicion fell upon a man as implicated in the crime.
He was tried, condemned, and executed, being
gibbeted at the spot where the Rugby and Lutter-
worth Road crosses the Watling Street, and which is
known as "the Gibbet" to this day. The prisons
under the court-house consist of five separate
dungeons, connected by an underground passage with
a sixth known as "the Cage." They extend under
Regent Street, and are now bricked up. " The Cage "
itself was an important institution, being a vaulted
cavern penetrating some way into the bank beneath
Regent Street, and open to the front facing on to
High Street, save for massive iron bars or railings,
6

82 LUTTERWORTH

through which the miserable occupants were exposed
to the ridicule or execration of the not overrefined
townsfolk. As late as the Peninsula War many of
the soldiers who fell into our hands were distributed
throughout the prisons of the land, Lutterworth re-
ceiving its quota. To the lasting disgrace of our
town — and our country, for the matter of that — some
of these unfortunate men were actually confined in
"the Cage," where, it is related, those whom we
blush to call our forefathers deemed it sport to jeer
and throw stones at them !

The parish constable of olden days appears to
have been a law in himself. He had power to arrest
any man or woman, and to thrust them into prison at
his own discretion. The Constable's Account Books
of Lutterworth present a grim list of men and women
whipped according to law ; in fact, the very first
entry preserved is the names of those vagrants who
had been taken up and whipped in Lutterworth
between the 15th October 1657 and the 30th
September 1658 by Thomas Cattell and Henry
Pope, constables.

Besides the cat-o'-nine-tails, Lutterworth rejoiced
in the possession of a penal institution now long
forgotten. It had a " cuck-stool," in which the
constable ducked scolding and foul-mouthed women
in the adjoining river. It is thus mentioned in the
Account Book : " 1654. For repairing the cuck-stool
and for a new wheel to it, iid."

The same accounts also contain an item for the
repair of the cage, namely: " 1656. Paid Carter for
mending the cage and lock for same, is. 6d." The
cage, it may here be remarked, remained in use until

ADMINISTRATION OF LAW IN LUTTERWORTH 83

somewhere about the year 1820, when ajman named
Childs, a member of an old-established Lutterworth
family, was confined in it. Apparently finding the
disgrace oi his situation intolerable, he hanged him-
self during the night, upon which an order was issued
by the Justices of the Peace that the cage be closed
up and prisoners no longer confined in it. This
order was carried out, and the cage, which had played
such an important part in the civic life of Lutterworth,
was bricked up and so remains to this day. Poor
Childs ! Who can gauge the terrors which he ex-
perienced during that last haunting night, with the
clammy shades of centuries of Lutterworth's criminals
for his sole companions ? We know not with what
offence he himself stood charged ; but no matter how
heinous, it seems to us that by his death he made
ample amends, and that across the bricked-up entrance
might well be carved, in letters plain to see, the name of
the man who by his death freed Lutterworth from the
last incubus of barbarism.

It was humorously observed by Sydney Smith
that the existence of a gallows in any country was
one of the signs of civilization. Judged by this
standard, Lutterworth with its whip, its cuck-stool,
and its cage may be said to have been fairly abreast
of the times in the seventeenth century.

We have evidence of the use of the cuck-stool
in 1657, when an entry in the Constable's Accounts
records, under date 20th May : " Paid Warde for
erecting the cuck-stool for labour, timber, and ex-
penses, I OS."

Whipping was carried out as late as the early
part of last century. The late Mr. James Yateman

84 LUTTERWORTH

used to tell how his father had witnessed an instance.
A tramp had come into the town and, calling at the
" Wheat Sheaf Inn," had asked for bread, cheese, and
beer, telling the landlord that a well-known trades-
man, whose name he gave, had authorized him to do
this and would be responsible for payment. Suspect-
ing the bona fides of this man, the landlord supplied
him with a sufficient repast to keep him occupied
while he himself slipped round to the tradesman in
question, only to receive, as he had anticipated, an
assurance that he had given no such authority. The
parish constable was fetched and the impostor given
into custody. This official seems to have immedi-
ately satisfied himself that the man was a rogue and
a vagabond, and forthwith sentenced him to be
publicly whipped.

Thereupon the culprit was marched to the Old
Prison at the bottom of High Street, where he was
stripped to the waist and chained to the tail of a cart
drawn by a horse. Then the Town Crier going
before, ringing his bell, and calling attention to the
punishment meted out to idle men, the procession
passed through the streets, the unfortunate offender
being mercilessly whipped the while. At the con-
clusion of the ordeal he was turned out of the town.

Women, too, were sometimes publicly whipped,
mostly for the offence of begging from door to door.

There is yet one other relic of old-time penal
institutions in the remains of the Parish Stocks.
This minor form of punishment was common in every
village a century ago, mostly for drunkenness. In
their palmiest days the Lutterworth stocks stood just
at the back of the present Town Hall, but were

ADMINISTRATION OF LAW IN LUTTERWORTH 85

removed when this buildins: was erected, to Bake-
house Lane (now Baker Street), and set up near
the ancient Pound, where strayiny^ cattle were kept
until the owner paid a fine. When this old place
was demolished the stocks were condemned, and now
all that remains of them are the two upright posts,
which are doing duty as posts to a garden gate
on the Bitteswell Road. The last man imprisoned
in the stocks in Lutterworth was one John Moore,
known as " Long John," a well-remembered in-
habitant.

After the High Street prison was condemned, a
temporary prison was constructed in the Old Work-
house Square, George Street, which at that time was
enclosed by iron gates. This gave place to the
present Police Station on the Leicester Road in
1838.

F

XVII
TRADE IN LUTTERWORTH

ROM the earliest times Lutterworth has been
i an agricultural centre, and agriculture has

formed the staple industry of its inhabitants.
There is no record to be found of art or craftsman-
ship in the town until we come to the year 1462,
when we find that John Lee of Lutterworth, in
consideration of 6s. 8d. paid to him annually in the
south porch of Market Harboro' Church, bound
himself to keep the chimes there " in good, sweet,
and solemn tone of music." This record is of peculiar
interest to us, as there is a possibility that the site
of this artificer's workshop can still be pointed out
in Lutterworth. On the west side of High Street,
proceeding towards the river, there are at the back
of a shop, about half-way down the street, premises
which have beyond doubt at some time or other
been occupied as a smith's workshop. The building,
which bears evidence of age, contains a forge not
in the least resembling a blacksmith's forge of the
present day. It is built of the narrow bricks used
in ancient buildings, and below it is a cellar built
entirely of rubble, with shelving running round the
room a few feet from the floor. Here, quite possibly,
John Lee carried on his trade of bell-smith.

86

TRADE IN LUTTERWORTH 87

Lutterworth evidently prospered in the sixteenth
century, as when Burton, the county historian, wrote
of it at the commencement of the seventeenth century
he said : " This town stands on exceedingly good soil
and is very much frequented, standing not far from
the street-way. Having also a very good market
upon the Thursday, to which is brought exceedingly
good corn in great abundance and all other com-
modities such as the country affordeth.

" It hath a fair upon Ascension or Holy Thursday
called heretofore Lord Ferrers' Holiday, who some-
time was lord of the town. It hath a very fair and
large church with an high and neat spire steeple."

Such is the picture of Lutterworth soon after
"Good Queen Bess" had passed away: a happy,
prosperous community, one to be envied.

The historian g-ives the secret of its wealth when
he writes of the fertility of the soil. The country
all round was under cultivation until comparatively
recent times, and some of the finest corn in the land
was produced in the district. These were the days
when wheat was grown at a profit, and when farmers
became rich. From somewhere about the time of
Wycliffe a duty existed on corn, and in years of great
abundance the Government was accustomed to pay
a bounty for its exportation, consequently its produc-
tion was always remunerative. Now it has been said
there is scarcely a cornfield within a mile of Lutter-
worth. This may not be strictly accurate, but the
fact implied, namely, that the cultivation of corn has
ceased to be the main industry of our district, is
undoubtedly correct.

Lutterworth felt the distressing times of the Civil

88 LUTTERWORTH

War keenly in common with the rest of the nation.
There was a shortage of coinage. To meet this
difficulty many tradesmen issued small copper coins,
known as tokens, of their own. In our own town
tokens were issued by the following : Edward Revell
at the "George Inn," Peter Mackarnes, H. E. W.
Dyer, and George Tilley.

As these little objects are of such extreme interest,
we give a description of all the known varieties : —

1. Edward Revell —

Obv. ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON.
Rev. IN LVTTERWORTH— E.R.

2. Peter Mackarnes —

Obv. PETER MACKARNES— P.A.M.
Rev. IN LVTTERWORTH— 1662.

A specimen of this token has recently been presented to Leicester
Borough Museum by the author.

Obv. PETER MACKARNES— P.A.M.
Rev. IN LETERWORTH MERCER— 1657.

3. H. E. IV. Dyer—

Obv. IN COVENTRY SOVTHAM— H.E.W.
Rev. RVGBY LVTTERWORTH— DYER 1666.

4. George Tilley —

Obv. GEORGE TILLEY MERCER— (The Royal Arms).
Rev. HIS HALFE-PENNY-G.T.— LVTTERWORTH 1667.

This token, which is in the possession of the author, is unpublished
and believed to be unique.

XVIII
THE MILLS

IN order to follow the records of the Lutterworth
mills it is necessary to keep clearly in one's mind
that there were two distinct mills, or rather groups
of mills — the lord's mills and the Hospital mills.

The Hospital mills originated in special grants to
the Hospital of St. John, but the lord's mills arose
in this way. From the earliest times people were
accustomed to grind their corn in querns or handmills
in their own homes. With the introduction of water-
power they naturally became desirous to relieve
themselves of the labour entailed by the more
primitive method ; but being unable themselves to
afford the construction of watermills, they petitioned
the King to build them for them, binding themselves
and their successors for ever in return to grind their
corn at such mills upon certain terms. The mills so
constructed were then farmed out by the Crown to
private individuals.

Both groups of Lutterworth mills lighted upon
evil days, and their monopolies were finally abolished
in 1758, at which date they all appear to have been
in the possession of a Mr. Robert Shuttleworth.
The story of the Lodge Mill, the lord's mill, forms
an interesting chapter in the history of Lutterworth.

l>9

90 LUTTERWORTH

About a mile and a half down the banks of the Swift
from the Spital Bridge at Lutterworth, close to the
old Roman Watling Street, may still be found the
remains of the ancient Lodge Mill. It is an in-
accessible place known as Moorbarns — the moor
where the barns were — still the haunt of the heron
and kingfisher, and where the brown owl builds its
nest. So desolate a place is it, in fact, that when the
Enclosure Act came into force in 1790, it had to be
expressly enacted that this moor should not be exempt
from the provisions of the Act.

It was to this mill that reference was made in the
State Inquiry of 1273 ; but to what antiquity it goes
back it is difficult to determine. It was to this mill,
too, that the inhabitants of Lutterworth were under
obligation to carry their corn for grinding. For
many ages the people were content to abide by the
arrangements which they or their forefathers had
made; but in 161 3, when probably the origin of the
mill had become forgotten, the people first prayed to
be relieved of what they had come to regard as an
imposition. The case was heard in Westminster
Hall ; but the spirit of feudalism was not yet dead,
and it was decided against the inhabitants. In the
judgment given on this occasion it is set forth that
King James was seised " in demesne as of fee in
right of the Crown of England of the said mills, etc.,
and did grant them in fee farm unto Edward Ferrers
and Fras. Phillips, gentlemen and their heirs and
assigns together with all the suit of mills and benefit
of grinding and mulcture, reserving unto his said
late Majesty his heirs and successors for ever the
yearly rent of ^5."

THE MILLS 91

The judgment, however, gave the inhabitants the
option of going to the Spital mills if their corn, grist,
or malt were not ground within twenty-four hours.

The people bowed to this decision with reluct-
ance ; but at length a patriot arose, whose name was
Bickley, who not only roused his fellow-townsmen
to resistance, but actually had the timerity to erect
a mill of his own. His example was followed by
others, and several mills raised their heads in defiance
of the lord's rights. The owner of the manorial mills
at the time was, as we have seen, a Mr. Shuttleworth,
and he forthwith commenced proceedings against
the oftenders. All the inhabitants thereupon entered
into a bond to defend the action. It was heard at
the Leicester Assizes on the 14th July 1758, and
the verdict was given in favour of the parishioners
with ^300 costs.

In consequence of this decision Mr, Shuttleworth
destroyed an ancient malt mill called "the Horse
Mill " and the Lodge Mill, and shortly afterwards
severed his connexion with the neiohbourhood. The
Horse Mill stood near the church in Bakehouse
Lane ; the site of the latter we have already
recorded.

To the old Lodge Mill attaches the following
interesting story. One day, early in the seventeenth
century, some one approaching the mill on business
found the place silent and deserted. The sole
occupants at the time were the miller and his man ;
but neither of these could be found. The matter
was at once taken up by the constable and the local
authorities, and, upon investigation, it was discovered
that all money, of which there should have been a

92 LUTTERWORTH

considerable sum, had disappeared. No trace what-
ever could be found of the aged master, and the
circumstances pointed to the commission of a brutal
murder. Suspicion naturally at once fell upon the
missing servant ; but no clue to his whereabouts could
be found. The matter attracted great attention at
the time, the miller being a member of a well-known
and highly respected family.

It was an easy thing for a criminal to escape from
a lonely spot like the Lodge Mill in bygone days,
and to reach a part of the country where no one would
know anything about him. And so it happened in this
case : nothing was discovered, and the matter became
an unsolved mystery.

Twenty years passed, and one day men engaged
in laying a drain through the garden of the mill came
upon the remains of the old master who had been
lost so many years. He had evidently been murdered
by his servant and buried in the garden, all trace
of the grave having been carefully concealed.

News of the discovery soon reached Lutterworth.
It so happened that one of the fairs for which the
town was noted was in progress, and the streets were
thronged with people, many of them strangers ; and
the news was taken up and the story of the old crime
recalled in every public-house. Amongst those at-
tending the fair, by a curious coincidence, was the
very man who had committed the dastardly deed
twenty years before. He had fled to another part
of the country, it subsequently transpired, where his
crime was never likely to be known ; but, thinking
that all remembrance of it would now have faded,
he had returned to Lutterworth that very day.

THE MILLS 93

Everywhere he went people were talking of the
crime, until at length he became so terrified that he
went to the constable, confessed his guilt, and gave
himself into custody. He was tried, condemned, and
executed. The above story is preserved in a book
of moral and religious anecdotes under the title,
" Be sure your sins will find you out," in addition to
having been handed down by local tradition.

XIX

THE GREAT STORM OF 1703 AND DE-
STRUCTION OF THE CHURCH SPIRE

LUTTERWORTH seems to have been
tolerably immune, as old towns go, from
disaster on an extensive scale. There is
record of a fire in 1679 which destroyed nine bays
of buildings ; but it is stated that no dwelling-house
was injured. The great storm which swept the land
in 1703, however, did not leave the town unscathed,
but robbed our church of the noble spire which for
long had been one of its most cherished features.

Sir Thomas Cave of Stanford Hall, from whose
park Lutterworth spire was visible, speaks of the loss
as one mourning for a friend. Writing shortly after
the event, he says: "The town of Lutterworth is
situated on a pretty eminence, the church appearing
over the houses in very agreeable manner, no other
public building to give grace to this.

" Nor, indeed, is the church so great a decoration
to the town as before it felt the severity of the dread-
ful and furious gale which happened in 1703, the
violence of which blew down the remarkably fine
and beautiful spire of the Parish Church, which at
that time was 47 feet higher than the present

turret ; nor did it only give grandeur and dignity to

94

THE GREAT STORM OF 1703 95

the town it belonged to, but even guided the steps
of wandering trav^ellers.

" Such was the enmity of this tempest that it blew
the lofty spire directly on the roof of the nave, by
which means the whole covering was beaten in and
demolished, and great damage was done to the fabric
of the church, for the repair of which a Brief was
granted in order to procure a national collection."

The great storm here recorded was probably
without parallel, and it is with feelings of relief that
we remember that it occurred at a time when no
Divine Service was being held in the Parish Church,
or the consequences must have inevitably been too
terrible for contemplation.

John Evelyn, in his Diary dated the 26th and 27th
November 1703, thus speaks of this storm : —

"The effect of the hurricane and tempest of
wind and rain and liohtnin^" throuc^h all the nation,
especially London, were very dismal. Many houses
were demolished and people killed. As to my own
losses and the subversion of wood and timber, both
ornamental and valuable, through my whole estate
and about my house, the woods crowning the garden
mounts and growing along the park meadows and
damage done to my own dwelling, farm, and out-
houses is almost tragical, not to be paralleled with
anything happening in our age. I am not able to
describe it, but submit it to the pleasure of God."

History says the same storm destroyed the spire
of Monks Kirby Church, five miles distant, and that
many more spires were blown down in the district
the same night.

As Sir Thomas Cave mentions, a Brief was

96 LUTTERWORTH

obtained for the rebuilding of Lutterworth spire.
We give the text of this Brief in the Appendix. A
certain amount of money was collected, but the spire
was never rebuilt, and the disposition of the money
led to great unpleasantness and ultimately to Chancery
proceedings. Nichols, in his History and Antiquities
of Leicestershire, takes the matter up warmly, and,
living within memory of the event, his testimony is of
special value. He says : " The Rev. Henry Meriton
was rector of the parish, and zealously laboured to
secure the Brief and soliciting and collecting thereon.
He was a man of known integrity and in great esteem
among bishops and clergy of his time. And yet
notwithstanding this public instance of regard for
him, he was several years afterwards called to account
in the Court of Chancery, not for embezzling, but for
misapplying the contribution that had been collected,
which (as informants pretended) was given for the
repair of the steeple and body of the church, but had
been laid out in new pewing and decorating the body
of the church to a greater degree than was necessary."

Dr. Meriton in his justification produced a writing
which was described to be a request for a contribution
for the repair and beautifying of the church, in which
he had met with much encouragement, and that he
used two separate papers in the collection, one
endorsed on the printed copy "Copy of the Brief,"
the other on the separate paper above mentioned.

The matter in controversy was after some time
referred to arbitration, Sir Wolstan Dixie, Bart, and
Dr. Wells, then rector of Cotesbach, being referees.

At length the award was made and the whole
affair composed and ended; "but not (as Nichols

."■ v

'■f^. 'J

"^ ^S

-r^Cf

«?■.-

^\%t , <'r^

-*t.^fc-

^ z

^&3&.

THE GREAT STORM OF 1703 97

remarks) before the tempest of persecution had
reduced the rector to a ruinous state of health, as
the grief and trouble consequent on this litigation
shortened the life of this industrious and exemplary
ivme.

Dr. Meriton died in 17 10, and was buried in the
north aisle of the church, his wife, who survived him
but a short time, being buried by his side.

Notwithstanding the excellent testimony of the
historian as to the virtue of Dr. Meriton, it is difficult
to understand how far the church benefited by the
national contribution expressly subscribed for its
restoration. The only record we have is an item of
£^0 in the Churchwarden's Accounts for 1705 as
payment for repairs to bells and belfry. Not until
1 76 1 was the complete restoration taken in hand, and
we then read that in this year " the church was
beautified with a costly pavement of chequered stone,
new pews of oak, and everything else both in church
and chancel except the pulpit, which from its situation
received no material injury when the roof was beat
in by storm." It is the historian Nichols we are
again quoting; but we think he must be including in
this restoration the work ascribed to the unfortunate
Dr. Meriton, who, as we have seen, was accused of
expending the money obtained by public subscription
upon new pews and decoration to the body of the
church.

Whether the font in use in Wycliffe's time
perished at the fall of the spire, or whether it was
removed at the restoration whicii followed, is not
clear: probably the former, for in 1704 we find the
presentation to the church by Basil, Earl of Denbigh,
7

98 LUTTERWORTH

of a font consisting of a basin of Warwickshire marble
on a pillar of the same, mounted on circular stone
steps, the arms of the donor being engraved on a
plate attached to the font. A wooden model of the
lost spire formed a cover to this font until they were
both superseded by the present font of Painswick
stone.

It was in the year 1761 that the restoration of the
tower as we see it now was completed. The cost
is stated to have been ^366, and the account is
vouched by Thomas Billio, rector, R. Wilson, curate,
and Thomas Coaton, clerk. The interior portion of
the new tower is lined with brick, and is of very
inferior workmanship to the ancient thirteenth-century
work upon which it rests.

XX

LUTTERWORTH, 1750-1800

THOSE who are privileged to live in Lutter-
worth in these advanced times can scarcely
realize the enormous improvement of the town
and district which has taken place during the last
century and a half.

The great battle of Naseby, fought within view
of the tower of our church, had brought invaluable
political and social advantages in its train. Never-
theless little progress seems to have been made in
the opening up of the country or the development of
trade during the first hundred and fifty years following
that event. Much the same routine of life and labour
prevailed at the commencement of the nineteenth
century as existed in 1645.

One of the chief obstacles to advancement was
the need of good roads. Those which extended
throughout the country were of such inferior quality
as to render rapid transit impossible. " Necessity,"
however, " is the mother of invention " ; the country
was ripe for improvement, and history therefore but
repeats itself when it says that with the need came
the inventors in the persons of Thomas Telford and
John Metcalf. Hy the genius of these two men it is
not too much to say that the trade and commerce of
the whole realm was revolutionized.

09

lOO LUTTERWORTH

Somewhere about the year 1750 Metcalf, who was
a blind man, gave up his business as a carrier and
devoted himself to the art of road-making. So well
did he succeed that in Yorkshire, Cheshire, and in
Derbyshire he constructed turnpike roads of lasting
value. The fashion spread, and in 1789 we find in
consequence a full service of daily coaches passing
through Lutterworth.

Within the memory of residents still living the
old Roman Watling Street was quite impracticable
to loaded wagons during winter-time, and for that
reason was studiously avoided. To-day it is the
great motor route between London and Liverpool,
and motor-cars are frequently to be seen dashing
along its deserted reaches at paces sufficient to blanch
the staid amble of legitimate speed.

In the year 1778 we have distinct evidence of
advancement in our town roads, for in that year the
ancient bridge which spanned the river Swift at
the south entrance to the town, with its narrow
opening and high walls, most likely dating back to
Wycliffe's time, gave way to a new and enlarged
structure erected by public subscription.

Next in importance to the construction of good
roads we may place the Enclosure Act, which came
into operation in 1790 and effected a great change
in the appearance of the country. Our lordship was
divided up into fields and planted with hedgerows
as we see them to-day, and the whole district around
(with the exception of one or two villages which
had been enclosed at earlier dates) was at this date
enclosed in like manner. Previous to the enclosure
rights of pasture were often marked out by Boundary

LUTTERWORTH, 1750-1800 loi

Trees, and some of these are still standincr. There
is one in Misterton Park and another in Cotesbach
Fields. Amoncr the title-deeds to the land on which
the present Cong^regational Church stands is one
dated 1777, in which it is set out that the property
is bounded on the western side by " the open fields
of Lutterworth."

Much interestincf information concerning the
progress of Lutterworth is obtained from the Uni-
versal Directory published in London, 1793-94, to
which reference has already been made. From this
source we learn that in Lutterworth in 1 7S9 there
were 360 houses, which, on an average of 4^ persons to
a house, gives a population of 1620. It records that —

"The ALail daily passes through here for Chester
and Holyhead."

" The heavy coach passes through for Chester
and Holyhead every Monday and Friday."

"A wagron from Lutterworth sets out from the
' Denbigh Arms ' every Saturday morning early and
arrives at the 'Windmill Inn,' St. John Street, on
Tuesday morning, loads the same day and leaves
London on Wednesday morning, and arrives at
Lutterworth on Saturday."

In the Directory it is mentioned that most ot the
houses are "semi-fluid," that is, constructed with walls
of mud and usually thatched with straw. During
the last century all the dwellings on the east side of
High Street, with two exceptions, were rebuilt, dis-
placing humble structures of mud and thatch or brick
and timber, two stories \\vA\ and havinjr small leaded
window j)anes aff<jrtling lillU,' opportunity for the
display of merchandise in the tradesmen's shops.

102 LUTTERWORTH

The homes of the poorer people at this period
were in a deplorable condition : sanitary arrangements
there were none ; the floors of the lower stories were
mother earth without brick or boards. A common
ladder served as the only means for reaching the
garrets which did duty for bedrooms above, and
when in the first quarter of the nineteenth century
brick and wooden floors and staircases came into
common use, the people thought that at last they
were really "coming to something."

The staple business of the town during the latter
part of the years under review was undoubtedly inn-
keeping, for the streets were constantly thronged
with visitors arriving by coach or being brought
through in their own private carriages by posthorses
hired by the stage. A large business was at one
time done in the town by postmasters.

The principal inns at the commencement of the
nineteenth century were the "Denbigh Arms" kept
by William Mash and the "Hind" by William
Smith. The " Denbigh Arms " was originally founded
by one of the Earls of Denbigh, who kept much
company at his seat at Newnham Paddox and, ex-
periencing difficulty in accommodating the servants
and horses of his guests, caused this house to be
built for his own convenience. The first innkeeper
was one who had been his lordship's butler at
Newnham Paddox.

The "Hind" is of similar date, and in its day
has seen equally flourishing business.

Besides these two surviving inns there was another
of more ancient origin which has vanished. It, too,
was situate in the High Street, opposite to the

LUTTERWORTIT, 1750-1800 103

" Hind," where now Messrs. E. Dalby & Co. have
a large draper's estabHshment. It extended to the
adjoining premises of Mr. A. Buswell, chemist, and
below both of these houses there are still extensive
beer and wine cellars recallinor the fact that here
once stood the " Black Swan Inn," as is proved by
writings in Mr. Buswell's possession. To a popula-
tion of about 1650 persons there were no less than
twenty public-houses in Lutterworth some hundred and
fifty years ago, and, as many of them still remain, it may
be interestincT to record their names. In addition to
those we have already mentioned there were —

The "Board." The "Angel."

,, "Fox." ,, "George."

,, " Queen's I lead." ,, "Greyhound."

„ "Peacock." ,, "Stag and Pheasant."

„ "Bull." „ "Ram."

„ "Bell." ., "White Hart."

., "Crown." ,, " King's Head."

., "Lion." ,, " Wheat Sheaf."

,. " Coach and Horses." ,, "Unicorn."

Other businesses also flourished. Saddlers and
harness-makers were always busy : one master saddler
employed over twenty hands on the premises now
occupied by Mr. J. K. Smith, and which is one of
the few buildincTs in Hiirh Strcft which have been
in existence more than a century.

In the year 1789 there is a record that there were
seventeen teams of horses in the parish. These
probably were used for purposes of agriculture and
as cfjach horses.

I04 LUTTERWORTH

Then there were sixty worsted looms and thirty-
one shoemakers. Ribbon-weaving and the weaving
of Hnen sheeting also employed many hands in their
own homes. It is stated that women working at
the weaving trade could earn as much as ^i per
week. The handloom has now quite disappeared.

From what we have stated above as to the in-
sanitary state of the town, especially the homes of
the poorer classes, it will surprise no one to learn
that there were times when the health of the town
was deplorable. High Street was paved with large
boulders, and on either side of the street was an
open ditch into which the occupiers of the houses
were accustomed to cast whatever they no longer
desired to retain within, trusting to the good offices
of a scavenging dog or a heavy shower of rain to
remove it. Between the years 1750 and 1778 Lutter-
worth was afflicted with visitations of smallpox and
putrid fever which carried off many of its inhabitants.

On the farms, however, prosperity was greatly
in evidence. The orowinor of corn and rearing- of
cattle, horses, and sheep were exceedingly re-
munerative, and in consequence the demand for
labour was great. Men and women and even quite
young children were engaged in husbandry.

The common wao-e of an aa"ricultural labourer
a hundred years ago was a shilling a day, with
hours timing from Vesper's bell to Curfew, i.e. from
6 a.m. to 8 p.m. in winter and from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m.
in summer. The offspring of the agricultural labourer
had no time or opportunity for even the most
elementary education, but the children of tradesmen
were better provided for in that they had the old

LUTTERWORTH, 1750-1800 105

Foundation School of Edward Sherrier and also
certain benefits under Poole's Charity. The children
of the very poor were allowed to grow up in the
most oross ig^norance.

It was to cope in some measure with this national
disgrace that Sunday schools were first established.
In Lutterworth the credit for their introduction is
due to the Rev. Richard Wilson, who was head-
master of Sherrier's School and curate of Lutter-
worth from 1754 to 1794.

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XXI

THE LAST OF THE RESIDENT
FEILDINGS

A

I'TER the senior branch of the Feildiiio^s
had left Lutterworth and become established
at Newnham Paddox the junior branch con-
tinued to reside in the town, and one at least of their
old houses is still standing and was, until com-
paratively recent times, still spoken of as the
"Manor House." Here, as far back as 1780, when
Throsby visited the town, lived a Miss Feilding,
whom the historian describes as one of the principal
landed proprietors of the place.

This lady, whom the old townspeople used to
speak of as " Lady Feilding," lived to an advanced
age, and there is a sad story told of her death.
Miss Feilding was accustomed to pay frequent
visits to her relations at Newnham Paddox, and on
one occasion, when being driven there by a man
named Mash, who was at the time landlord of the
" Denbigh Arms," her carriage was overturned and
the shock of the accident i)roved fatal.

On her death in 1803 her property passed to
her heir-at-law, Mr. Charles Palmer, who died about
1820. One of his sons, also named Charles, was

a lieutenant in the navy, who went on an early

107

io8 LUTTERWORTH

Arctic expedition. Another son, Edward, married
and had a son named Feilding, who took Holy Orders
and died on the i6th April 1897. His widow, in
the year 1900, built the Cottage Hospital at Lutter-
worth on ground which she gave for the purpose
in memory of her late husband. The name of Palmer
appears in the history of Lutterworth from very
early days. In the reign of Richard HI Richard
Palmer, Gent, gave land at Sapcote for the benefit
of the town. Again, in an old deed preserved in
Leicester^ Museum relating to Lutterworth Charities,
and dated 17 12, the names of Richard Palmer, Knight,
and Edward Palmer, Knight, appear as trustees of
Lutterworth Charities in the seventeenth century.
Of the Manor House situate in the Old Cattle
Market there is still a little more to relate. When
this house was first converted into a private
residence is not clear. At one time it was occupied
as an inn known as the "George Inn." After Miss
Feilding's death it became vacant, acquired the
reputation of being haunted, and gradually fell
into a ruinous condition. The windows were all
broken with the exception of those belonging to
one room on the top floor, where an old man, a
pedlar, was permitted to live without rent or
acknowledgment.

When things were in this state Mr. Edward
Palmer (father of the Rev. Feilding Palmer) visited
Lutterworth with a view to residing in the old home ;
but he found the house so decayed that he decided
to build a new one for himself, and erected the high
red-brick house standing on the Market Street
almost opposite the " Ram Inn." The old Manor

THE LAST OF THE RESIDENT FEILDINGS 109

House subsequently became the property of a solicitor
living in Lutterworth named Stephen Mash, who, on
taking possession, restored it to its present condition.
The original oak staircase and fireplace in the
entrance hall bearing the double-headed eagle were
carefully preserved.

This house is now known as "The Elms," its
past history having been more or less lost sight of.
In recent times it has chano^ed hands more than
once.

XXII

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH
AND DISCOVERY OF GLASS VIAL,
1865-70

IN the winter of 1865 the roof of the nave
became so unsafe that it was found necessary to
close the church. Upon examination it was
discovered that the unscientific manner in which
galleries had been inserted had thrust the walls from
the perpendicular, and pillars and arches had been
injured.

As a result a Restoration Committee was formed,
and the services of the great architect, Sir Gilbert
Scott (then Mr. Scott), were engaged. He drew up
an exhaustive report and approximately fixed the
cost of restoration at ^"7000.

Armed with this report, the committee set to work,
and a subscription list was started headed by the
aged rector, the Rev. R. H. Johnson, with the
munificent sum of a thousand guineas. The remainder
of the money was secured and the work taken in
hand. Divine Services in the meantime being con-
ducted in the Town Hall,

In the chancel the windows were all restored ;
the north wall, which had inclined outward, was made
straight ; on the south side an ancient window which

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH in

had been blocked up was discovered and opened ; and
on the north side an aisle was added for the oro^an
as well as a vestry. The roof was entirely renewed.

In the nave it was found practicable to repair
thoroughly the handsome roof; every beam was
removed, repaired, and restored to its original place.
The lead was recast and the stonework overhauled,
every pillar being placed on a more solid foundation
of brick and concrete. The tower arch, formerly
blocked up by the organ gallery, was exposed to view
in all its original strength and beauty.

The north aisle, which had been in a scarcely less
defective condition than the chancel, was restored, and
the wall, which had acquired a considerable outward
inclination, was straightened and made secure upon a
concrete foundation.

As we have seen, frescoes of great archaeological
interest were disclosed during this restoration, and it
may not be out of place to mention here the dis-
covery of a small glass vial which has been described
by Archdeacon Pownall, As the paper in which the
discovery is reported deals also with a similar vial
found at South Kilworth, and the conclusions arrived
at by the learned author are based upon the double
find, it is necessary to include the Kilworth glass
here. The Archdeacon says : " In the autumn of
the year 1868, whilst the church at South Kilworth
was being restored, there was found among the
foundations of the east wall of the chancel a little
'vial' of glass about 5I inches in height. From the
account given by the young labourer who found it,
the vial seems to have been lying, bottom up-
wards, among the stones and earthy rubbish of the

112 LUTTERWORTH

foundations, not less than from 3 to 4 feet below
the then existing surface. In shape the glass tapers
gradually, as a horn does, from its flattened base,
where its diameter is if inches towards the point
where a short neck begins (unfortunately much
broken), at which point its diameter does not exceed
an inch. It cannot be affirmed that its mouth had
held a stopper, for the broken lip stays assertion ;
nor can it be determined what may have been its
contents, for all that was made out was a film of
some substance lining the bottom which has never
been analysed, and which only presented to the eye
the appearance of the dried sediment of some fluid.
The dull surface of the glass exhibits some irridescent
colouring from partial disintegration of its substance.
In the following spring this glass vessel was exhibited
at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, and a
description of it, together with a short account of the
circumstances under which it was found, appeared in
the Society's Proceedings {2nd Sen, vol. iv. p. 284).
Various conjectures were offered at the time as to
the probable use of the vessel and the causes which
may have led to its being deposited in the foundations
of a fourteenth-century chancel. None, however,
appeared to have much weight or to be capable of
proof, and two Fellows of the Society, whose opinions
would have been listened to with reference every-
where, Mr. Albert Wray and Mr. Augustus Franks,
candidly confessed their inability to express any
decided opinion on the subject.

For the moment, therefore, the whole question
dropped, and in the entire absence of mediaeval
English o"lass in utensil form — orlass vessels which

TIIK RESTORATION OF THE CHrRCIT 113

wiih certainty can be assigned to the Middle Age —
a reluctance to express any decided opinion was not
unreasonable. That glass vessels were in use then
for church purposes was perfectly well known through
the inventories of church ooods which are in our
hands ; nay, it is not outside the bounds of probability
to suppose that such vessels have come down to our
times and are existinir at the moment unrecognized,
as regards their true character, in modern collections,
but no antiquary has been able to lay his hand on
any particular piece and say : " This is glass of the
thirteenth, fourteenth, or fifteenth century."

The earliest English glass (excluding, of course,
from the remark, church-window glass) to which a date
can be assigned lies in the Jermyn Street Museum,
and goes no further back than Charles the Second's
time, and the earliest English glass in the form of a
utensil dates only from the time of the Georges.

This fact invested with some interest, if not
importance, the object discovered at South Kilworth
if it could with safety be regarded as mediaeval,
becau.se it appears before us as a unique specimen
of ancient English vitreous ware. Further discovery
of the same kind has since confirmed the goodness
of conjectures which were then so cautiously advanced,
for it appeared liiat during the restoration of the
Parish Church at Lutterworth, 1867-69, two vials of
similar description had been found. My first attempt
to obtain particulars and to see them was unsuccessful.
Two had certainly been found, but they had been
lying so long unnoticed in a chest or cupboard in the
vestry while the work was going on that they were
not at first forthcoming ; and indeed one only have
6

1 14 LUTTERWORTH

I succeeded in recovering. I have the pleasure now
of exhibiting it [the paper from which we are quoting
was read by the Archdeacon before the Architectural
Societies of Leicester and Northampton], together
with that found at South Kilworth.

On comparing the two it will be seen that they
are alike in shape and size, except a very trifling
difference of form at the base, and that the one
found at Lutterworth is happily quite perfect. The
two " vials " evidently belong to the same period and
the same manufacture.

After obtaining the possession of the glass No. 2,
I wrote to Mr. E. M. Morgan, who at the time of the
restoration of Lutterworth Church was employed as
Clerk of the Works, and from him I had the satisfac-
tion of receiving the following letter : —

"Bangor Cathedral, \j\th February.

" Rev. Sir, — I received a note yesterday from Mr.
Tomlinson desiring me to describe to you the
position in which we found a very antique bottle
containing the oil of organium (or described to be
the oil of organium by Mr. Gulliver, chemist, at
Lutterworth). The bottle was found in the foundation
of the west wall of the north aisle of Lutterworth
Church. The foundations were composed of stone
and earth, instead of mortar, and the bottle was
nearly at the otitside, as in rough sketch. — I am, etc.,

"E. M. Morgan."

Concerning the discovery of these two Lutter-
worth vials little more need be said ; the one before
us no longer, contains any oil, but the scent of oil
was very perceptible when it first came into my

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 115

possession. The one which, unfortunately, is missing
appears from the description I have received to have
been rather globular in form, but in other respects to
have resembled its companion.

It remains for us to inquire whether anything can
be determined as to the use of these glass vials in
ancient times which may stand on a firmer footing
than conjecture. The inquiry which I have entered
into myself leads me to dismiss altogether that they
contained one of the sacred oils of the church in
pre-Reformation days.

After referring at some length to the oils which
are said to exude from the bones of saints and their
supposed virtues, Archdeacon Pownall points out
that "the custom of preserving the alleged oil of
saints has approached so near our own day that until
the period of the French Revolution the treasuries
of Cologne, Douay, and Tournay contained each a
vial of St. Catherine's oil. Here, then, we have
distinct proof of the use of glass vials and of the
special purpose to which they were put." Arch-
deacon Pownall then points out that we have
mention of particular saints whose remains were
imagined to give out a sacred oil, and among them
we find the names of St. Mary and St. Nicholas.
"When, therefore," he proceeds. "I am able to add
that the dedication of the church at S. Kilworth was
to one of the two, and that of Lutterworth Church to
the other, a link worth welding has been attached to
our chain of evidence. Have not we ground for
supposing that the purpose to which these vials were
devoted in former days is by these indicated .-^ Put
another cjuestion remains for consideration. Dis-

ii6 LUTTERWORTH

covered in the foundations of the church, are we to
suppose they were placed there at the time those
foundations were laid or at some period subsequently ?
The custom which exists now of placing glass vessels
containinsf coin and records under the corner-stone of
a new building as a form of dedication, and for the
purpose of dating it, might suggest the idea that the
vials in question once served a similar purpose in the
fourteenth century, but it is an idea which cannot
stand unsupported by testimony ; and it has none.
True, a kindred practice prevailed, but we have a
distinct knowledge as to a difference regarding one
important particular. These vials were found, one
at the west end of the north aisle, the other among
the rubble stone-work of the east chancel wall.
Now, whenever at the dedication of a church in
ancient times the consecrated wafer or the relics of
the saint were deposited, they were invariably
deposited beneath the altar. More than this, the
exact situation of the Lutterworth vial has been
pointed out by Mr. Morgan's letter, and that position
was nearly outside the building — a position not likely
to have been chosen unless the deposit had been
made quickly and with secrecy, as in this case I
conceive it to have been.

This fact, taken in connexion with what has been
advanced before, inclines me to believe that it was
in a period subsequent to the foundation of the
structure that we must look for the date of these
deposits.

In the days when many things, holy in the
estimation of pious souls, were being shamefully
desecrated, when "the chrismatory, the pax with the

THE RESTOliATION OF THE CHURCH 117

graile " were defaced and made away ; when the rood
loft was taken down and put to profane use ; when
the very altar stones defaced were "laid in hiprh
wais, serving as bridges for sheepe and cattal " ;
when the cross itself was taken down to be "sold to
a tinker" (Peacock's Church Furnifitrc), "then un-
questionably were some men's minds revolting from
acts horridly sacrilegious in their eyes and under a
desire to save from similar desecration a long-prized
relic of the parish church, can I conceive those men
to have acted who placed these two vials some feet
below the ground. The stowing of one probably led
to a like concealment of the other, for the two
churches are not wide apart where they lay hid, and,
being stowed away there, it was hoped they would lie
safe under the soil until Protestant zeal relaxed and
ancient sympathies revived. So at least I think the
hiders of them thouo^ht."

We have dealt with these vials at such length on
account of the extreme antiquarian interest attaching
to their discovery, and also on account of the
eminence of the author from whom we have
borrowed the above description.

On Wednesday, the 9th June 1869, the church
was reopened for public service.

The town was gay with Hags, and a triumphal arch
with suitable devices was erected at the entrance to
Hi(^h Street. The service commenced with the
administrati(jn of Holy Communion at 8.30. At
10.30 there was morning prayer, with a sermon by
the Rev. D. Wilkinson, Rector of P>irmingham. At
1.30 there was a public luncheon in a tent in the
rectory grounds, to which about two hundred and

ii8 LUTTERWORTH

fifty sat down. Among the company were Col.
the Hon. Percy Feilding, who presided, the Bishop
of the Diocese, the Rector of Lutterworth, Arch-
deacon Fearon, and others. Evening service was
held at 3.30, the Bishop preaching on this occasion
to an overflowing congregation. Over seventy
clergy walked with the Bishop, and the collections
at this service amounted to more than £200.

The day closed with a public tea, the singing of
glees by the choir, and performances by the Rifle
Corps Band.

Before closing this section we would like to add
that the total cost of restoration came out at about
;^7500. The debt was extinguished within five
years of commencement of the work.

The contract was entrusted to Messrs. Law &
King of Lutterworth, who were noted church
builders, and the majority of skilled workmen em-
ployed were natives of the town.

The Windows

Lancet Window in Chancel. — To the memory of
the Rev. Richard Wilson, A.M., who was for many
years head master of the Sherrier's School and
Curate of Lutterworth. The subject is St. John, in
allusion to the name by which he was affectionately
known by his friends, and is the work of Messrs.
Burlison & Grylls of London. It was erected by his
granddaughter, Mrs. John Goodacre of Lutterworth
House, and Miss Healy of Lutterworth.

Watts Window, on the south side of the chancel,
to the memory of Mr. Charles Watts of Lutterworth,

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 119

who died at Dresden, Staffordshire, 17th March 1S67,
aged sixty-seven years.

Mr. Watts left a sum of money by his will for
the purpose of inserting a stained-glass window in
the churches of Lutterworth, where he was born,
and Dresden, where he died. The subject of the
window in Lutterworth Church is the Three Maries
in the main lights, and the Annunciation in the
tracery.

This window was also executed by Messrs.
Burlison & Grylls.

The East Window was presented by the Rev.
Feilding Palmer, and was uncovered on Easter
Sunday 1885.

The window, which is the work of Messrs. Clayton
& Bell, represents in the five lower lights the figures
of S. Mary the Virgin and four doctors of the
Church, namely, the Venerable Bede, St. Augustine,
Robert Grosseteste, and John Wycliffe. Below are
the arms of Mr. Feilding Palmer and the inscription,
"To the glory of God and in memory of Edward
Feilding Palmer who died 15th Feb. 1869 and Sarah
his wife who died nth Oct. 1841."

The middle compartments contain : the Baptism,
and under it, in Old English letters, "Thus it be-
cometh us to fulfil all righteousness " ; the Ascension,
and under it. " I do it to prepare a place for you " ;
our Saviour in majesty giving the benediction,
and under it, "Thou art the King of Glory"; the
Crucifixion, and under it, " Behold the Lamb of
God"; the Last Supper, and under it, "This do
in remembrance of me." The upper divisions con-
tain figures of four archangels, S, Ra[)hael, S.

120 LUTTERWORTH

Gabriel, S. Michael, and S. Uriel. Above these
are placed the Agnus Dei, with two small angels on
either side.

The small window over the east window contain-
ing the sacred monogram was given by Mr. William
Footman of Lutterworth in 1883.

The Lancet Window in the Tower, with subject,
" Moses with the Tables of Stone," was presented
by Mr. J. Hawke.

The Windoiv in the East End of the South Aisle,
to the memory of the late Mr. T. Evans of Lutter-
worth, is the work of Messrs. Burlison & Grylls.
In the tracery are female figures, seated on thrones,
representing various virtues — Faith, Hope, Charity,
Temperance, Fortitude, Justice. The main lights
show the parable of the Good Samaritan, and below
these the passage St. Matthew xxv. 35-36 is depicted,
wherein those who have been engaged in acts of
humanity and charity during their lifetime are spoken
of in the Last Day as having done these acts unto
Christ Himself. " I was an hungred and ye gave
me meat ; I was thirsty and ye gave me drink ; I
was a stranger and ye took me in ; naked and ye
clothed me ; I was sick and ye visited me ; I was
in prison and ye came unto me."

The Canon Alder son Memorial Window. — The
treatment of this three-light window in the south aisle
is very simple, the artist having followed the style
generally adopted in the fifteenth century when
stained glass was at its zenith. In the centre is a
figure of S. Anne, the mother of the Blessed Virgin,
who is shown as a child standing at her mother's
side, holding a scroll on which is written the prophetic

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 121

words, " Fear not, daughter of Zion, behold thy
king Cometh." On either side, beneath architectural
canopies, are figures of S. Peter and S. Paul. S. Peter
is shown holding a book on which is written. " Grow
in jjrace and in knowledfje of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ." The keys are also shown. S. Paul in
the third light is depicted holding the sword of
martyrdom and a closed book. Below these stand-
ing figures are three small pictures as follows: "The
Annunciation," " The Nativity," and the " Presentation
in the Temple."

At the base of the window is the inscription,
" Givinor thanks to God for the life and work of
Frederick Cecil Alderson Rector of Lutterworth
1894-1907 and Canon of Peterborough 1890-1907
who died 3rd December 1907 this window is
dedicated by his parishioners and friends."

The beautiful tracery at the head of the window
has suggested to the artist the idea of a tree, on the
bouo-hs of which are seen the followincr nine saints:
S. Anselm, Bede, the four Latin Fathers, S. Aidan,
S, Hilda, and at the top S. Guthlax, in reference to
the fact that Canon Alderson was Rural Dean of
Guthlaxton II. The trunk of the tree rises from the
canopy of the central light, two kneeling angels
holding a scroll bearing the words, Ar/?or Ecclesicc.

Law Window in South Aisle. — The subject of
this window is Faith and Charity, and the inscription
reads, " To the Glory of God and in loving memory
of George Law of this Town, died 5 May 1870.
Also Frances Taylor his wife died 23 December
1863. This window was dedicated by their grand-
son. Arthur Law of Rugby, 1880."

122 LUTTERWORTH

The window is the work of Messrs, T. Holt &
Co., Midland Stained Glass Works, Warwick.

Memorial Window to the Rev. T. H. Tarlton,
M.A., who was Rector of Lutterworth from 1879 to
1888. This window, having for its subject the
Sermon on the Mount, was placed in the chancel by
parishioners and friends.

The Bells

There is an old tradition that a fine peal of bells
was bodily carried away from Lutterworth Church by
the monks of Monks Kirby, five miles away, but
like many another tradition there is nothing to
corroborate it.

At the present time the church possesses a sanctus
bell, believed to be of the thirteenth century, and the
oldest bell in Leicestershire.

Of the old peal of six the earliest are Nos.
5 and 6, dated 1640, the date of the outbreak of
the Civil War. The date of No. 4 is significant.
It was cast in the year 1705, and would seem to
point to the fact that it replaced a bell destroyed
when the spire was blown down two years
earlier.

The bells were rehung and the peal of eight com-
pleted through the generosity of Mr. T. F. Blackwell
of London in 1894, and were dedicated and first
rung in the January of the following year. The
work was entrusted to the well-known firm of Taylor
of Loughborough, and to-day the peal is noted both
for its tone and for the ease with which its bells
are handled.

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 123

We give the following inscriptions on the bells as
recorded in Bottrill's Guide to Lutto-ivorth : —

No. I.— GLORIA DKO SOLI.

F. C. x\LDERSON|: RECTOR :
W. FOOTMAN AND J. H. WATSON : CHURCHWARDENS :
J. F. BLACKWELL : GAVE ME :
J. TAYLOR : MADE ME : 1894

No. 2.— LAUS TIHI DOMINE

F. C. ALDERSON : RECTOR :
W. FOOTMAN AND J. H. WATSON ; CHURCHWARDENS
J. F. BLACKWELL : GAVE ME :
J. TAYLOR : MADE ME : 1894

No. 3.— J. BRIANT HERTFORD FECIT 1S14

No. 4.— HKNRV : MERTON : RECTOR :

ALEXANDER : RIGBY : MADE : ME : 1705
THOMAS : ILIFFE : AND : JOHN: WRIGHT:
CHVRCH : WARDENS :

No. 5.— MLKIHG FEDCBA XWVT SRQl'ON MLKIHG 1640

No. 6.— FEDCBA MLKIHG SRQBON XWVT FEDCBA 1640

No. 7.— T. MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 182S

No. 8.— THE HON"'E AND REV^'" HENRY RYDER

RECTOR : W. MASH AND J. TILLY C : W
JOHN BRIANT HERTFORD FECIT i8i2

The Fonts

There is little doubt but that the font having any
claims to be called " Wycliffe's Font " was destroyed
in the fall of the spire.

In 1704 a font of Warwickshire marble was given
by Basil, I'^irl of Denbigh, and this font continued
to do duty until after the restoration by Sir Gilbert
Scott, whose description (jf it as surpassing in ab-
surdity anything he had ever met with led to it being
superseded by the present font in 1891.

After its removal the Denbigh font was for some

124 LUTTERWORTH

years used as a flower-stand in a garden at Lutter-
worth. It was in this position that it was seen by
Mr. Savory, who at the time was in charge of the
parish, and was by him secured and carried away
when he left Lutterworth.

The present font was the gift of members of the
Goodacre family. It is of Painswick stone and was
designed by the son of Sir Gilbert Scott, who
succeeded his father as architect to the church.

The so-called "font," formerly preserved in
Leicester Museum and described as " Wycliffe's
Font," and which has recently been restored to the
church, is now thought to be an ancient corn
measure.

The Organs

Up to the commencement of the nineteenth
century the church was unprovided with an organ, a
small band of instruments providing what music
there was.

The first organ which the church acquired was
a second-hand instrument purchased from Earl
Shilton, and was originally a barrel-organ playing
set pieces of music. This throws a side-light upon
the musical culture of the period, those who could
play an organ by any other means than by turning
a handle being scarce and far between. But as the
art of music became more general, an organist was
at length forthcoming in the person of one Phillips,
and the organ was thereupon subjected to recon-
struction and came out a manual, and in this new
guise did service until the year 1886. The organ
was originally placed in the gallery at the west end

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 125

of the church, but upon the restoration in 1870 it
was rebuilt and placed in the extended east end of the
north aisle.

This organ was always, however, too small for
the requirements of so large a church, and was
therefore sold to the neiohbourinor church of
Misterton. from which it was removed a few years
later to Swinford, where it still remains, with every
prospect of a lengthy tenure of office.

The present organ — the outcome of a long-felt
want — was obtained with funds raised by public
subscription in the year 1S86. It cost /^ys*^' ^^"
elusive of the organ screen, the origin of which has
been already traced. The town is mainly indebted
to the exertions of the Rev, T. H. Tarlton, the then
rector, and Mr. M. C. Buszard, K.C. (the present
Recorder of Leicester), for a really fine instrument.
It was built by M. Gern, a F"rench organ-builder of
great repute, and Lutterworth, for a short period during
its erection, had the uncommon experience of a small
band of foreign workmen' quartered in its midst.
In its construction it departs in several particulars
from the ordinary English school of voicing. The
best-known devices of both French and German
makers have been employed, while the richness and
full cathedral tone of the English diapasons have
been preserved. The action throughout is tubular-
pneumatic of an im{)roved form invented by M.
Gern, which dispenses with the more complicated
system of tracker action, and admits of the console
being placed in a position from which the organist can
overlook and hear his choir with advantage. The
organ has 1326 pipes.

126 LUTTERWORTH

At the opening service the sermon was preached
by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and a recital was
given by Mr. Stimpson, the organist of the Birming-
ham Town Hall. The offertory on this occasion
amounted to nearly ^25.

The Church Plate

The following is Archdeacon Bonney's description
of the plate belonging to Lutterworth Church in the
year 1832 : —

" Two silver cups, gilt, one of them with this
inscription, ' The gift of Gabriell Abbott of Lutter-
worth,' the other old and handsome, with an
ancient border. Two patens, one inscribed ' Poculum
salutis,' the other small and gilt. A silver plate.
A silver spoon. A pewter basin. Five pewter
plates."

The silver plate and spoon still remain, also
the five pewter plates. Both the old silver gilt
cups (the older one probably Elizabethan) and the
patens were given to Mrs. Wave as a contribution
towards the present two silver cups, paten, and flagon
given by her in 1840. The silversmith who took the
ancient pieces either melted them down or sold them
as antiques.

The Lectern

The solid brass lectern, an eagle with outstretched
wings standing upon an orb, was presented to the
church by Mr. and Mrs. Topham of Lutterworth
House. Upon the base, which is supported by
three lions sejant guardant, is the inscription, "Ad

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 127

gloriam Dei. Presented to St. Mary's Church Lutter-
worth by Lupton and Joan Topham a.d. 1895." The
lectern was specially cast by Messrs. Barkentin &
Krall of Regent Street, London, and was dedicated
and first used on Advent Sunday, 1895.

The Reredos

This was designed by the late Mr. Bassett-Smith,
and is executed in marble and mosaic. It was the
gift of Mr. Blackwell of London in the year 1897.

The Alderson Chair

The massive oak chair which now stands in the
chancel was purchased with a sum of ^50, being
balance in hand from the fund subscribed for the
memorial window to Canon Alderson. The chair
was designed by Mr. Pick, and the carving was
executed by the Leicester School of Art.

The Monuments

Lutterworth Church is not rich in monuments,
but it nevertheless contains several of considerable
archaeolofjical interest.

And first the handsome alabaster monument in
the north aisle claims attention. Within a recess
formed by a late fifteenth-century arch are the
recumbent figures of a gentleman and his wife.
The male figure is clad in armour, but covered with
a mantle, and from the short hair and pointed toes
would appear to represent a gentleman, possibly of

128 LUTTERWORTH

knightly rank, of the first half of the fifteenth century.
Nichols assigns this tomb to William Feilding
and Joan Prudhomme, but upon what authority is
uncertain, and as this couple belonged to the four-
teenth century the probabilities are against the cor-
rectness of the attribution. Unfortunately the shields
with which the tomb is adorned have been defaced,
and there is no longer any means of deciding
definitely whom the monument represents. By the
kindness of the Rev. R. M. B. Bryant of South
Kilworth we are enabled to give an excellent illustra-
tion of this tomb.

Next in interest are a pair of brasses on the flooi
also in the north aisle. The male figure represents a
man in civilian dress of about the year 141 8, the
lady's costume being of some few years later.
Beneath the figures is an inscription recording that
this is the burial-place of John Feilding of Lutter-
worth and Joanna, his wife, but the value of this
inscription is somewhat diminished when we learn
that the inscription is not contemporaneous, but the
work of the Rev. Feilding Palmer, and was placed
there within the last half-century, Mr. Palmer took
the inscription from one recorded by Nichols, in whose
day the original brass was apparently still in position.

On the south side of the church, beneath the
reading-desk, will be found another pair of brasses,
the lady wearing the characteristic " Butterfly" head-
dress of the time of Richard IIL The male fioure is
that of a civilian wearing the anelace and gipciere, and
may be assigned to about the year 1480. There is
unfortunately nothing to throw any light upon whom
these brasses represent, and it can only be conjectured

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THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 129

that they too represent members of the inHuential
Feilding family.

There is a curious history attaching to these last
two brasses. On the niijht of Sunday, 2Sth Au<just
1854, they were stolen from the church. A hue and
cry, however, resulted in the capture of the thief, but
the brasses themselves had been broken to pieces.
Thanks to the exertions of Supt. Deakins and his
police, every piece was recovered, some being found at
Atherstone, others at Nuneaton, Bed worth, Hinckley,
and on the road near High Cross.

In the east wall of the south aisle is a marble
tablet inserted by national subscription through the
exertion of the Rev. John Hampden Gurney to the
memory of John Wycliffe. The work is by R. W<!st-
macott, jun. It was erected at a cost of ^500 in 1S37.

The only military tablet in the church is one to
Lieut. Francis Burgess, to whom reference is made in
the next section. He died on the 29th June 1825 in
the thirtieth year of his age.

There is one tablet on the south wall which pos-
sesses some artistic merit. The inscription reads : " In
memory of Ann, the wife of Mr. Richard Bridell, who
departed this life the 8th day of February 1725 in
the 35th year of her age. Also of Elizabeth their
daughter who died y*" iith of Aug'. 17 19. Aged 8
weeks and four daycs." Two cherubs surmount the
shield bearing the above inscription, while above them
is an urn frcjm which issues a gilt flame. Below the
shield is a skull and cross-bones. The back of the
skull rests upon a bat's or devil's wing, while the
front rests u{)on a dove's — a pretty symbolism.

A tablet to the Rev. C. Powell, bearing a Latin

9

130 LUTTERWORTH

inscription, intimates that he was for twenty-four
years " Master of the Games " in Lutterworth ;
but the reference is obscure. On the wall of the
north aisle is a stone to the memory of the Rev.
Henry Meriton and his wife. This was the rector
whose life was believed to have been shortened
by worry over the disposition of the funds collected
for the restoration after the destruction of the spire.
He died on the 9th February 17 10, and his wife on
the 15th November following.

Over the pulpit is a tablet to the memory of the
Hon. and Rt. Rev. Henry Ryder, D.D., Bishop of
Lichfield and Coventry, who was rector of Lutter-
worth from 1 80 1 to 1 8 14.

And lastly we may mention the brass memorial
tablet to the late Canon Alderson. It was designed
by an artist named Gardner, and is a beautiful and
artistic piece of metal-work of the Italian School.
There is a facsimile of this tablet in Peterborougfh
Cathedral, where Canon Alderson is buried.

LIST OF RECTORS
Rectors Patrons

Magister Simon Capellanus, 1221 . . "j j ,r ,

, -r,ur T 11 r^.-, r-r^ J- Nicholas de Verdun.

^ Philip Lovell, 1231-59 .... jJ-^i<-

Frater Hugo, 1262 John de Verdun.

I

Godfridus, 1274 .

Henry Drax, 1287 |-TheobaId de Verdun.

. . . 3 non. Aprillis, 1305 . . .J

1 In the Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers, vol. i. p. 364,
7 Kal., Feb. a.d. 1259, is a Confirmation to Philip Luvel, Papal
Chaplain, of his Canonry of London, the Churches of Lutterwrc
and Le, in the diocese of Lincoln, and all his other benefices with
and without care of souls, which he has received with and without
papal dispensation, supplying any defect there may have been in his

THE RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH 131

j'Sir Roger D'Amor>',
. . 12 kal. Junnii, 1318

John Wickliffe, 1374; died Dec. 31, 1384

rSir Roger D'Amor>', knt.
-! per dimissioncm Bert-
ie rami de Verdun.
King Edward III in the
minority of Sir Henry de
Ferrers lord of Groby.
Sir Henry de Ferrers lord

jSir I
I of

Groby.

I Sir Wm. de Ferrers lord
I of Groby.

Queen Elizabeth.
King Charles I.
"^^ Parliamentary Sequestra-

John de Morhous, 8 kal , Feb., 13S4-85 .

Robert Ashehurst ; died 1420 .

Gilbert Kymere, M.D., M.A., and LL.B.,

Dec. 16, 1420; resigned 1422.
William Brook, 1422 ; exchanged with

William Gissard, 1431 .

Thomas Beale, 1589

Nathaniel Tovey, M.A., 163-; ejected 1647 .

John Moore, 1647

John St. Nicholas, about 1657 ; ejected 1662 j tors
Samuel Bold, July 18, 1667; buried Sept

II, 1677

Thomas Pittis, D.D., Jan. 17, 1677-78

resigned 1678 .....
Robert Clarke, M.A., Nov., 1678
Francis Meres, M.A., inducted Nov. 19,

1678; died 1682-83 ....
Henry Meriton, Feb. 19, 1682-83 ; died

1710 ^

George Anderson, M.A., Feb. 21, 1710- \^ .

,. , Queen Anne.

II ; died 1745 J -^

King Charles II.

receiving and retaining the same and granting him whatever dispensa-
tion may be necessary to hold them.

Philip Lovel, Rector of Lutterworth, 1231-59, was Lord of the
Manor of Snotescombe, Co. Northampton, etc., Canon of St. Paul's,
Guardian of the Jews, and Treasurer of England. Like every one else
in the times in which he lived, he enriched himself at the expense of
the King and others, but committed the unpardonable error of "being
found out." His property was confiscated, and he died of grief at his
Rectory of Hanslope in Buckinghambhire. He was a kinsman of
Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and, as such, appointed steward
of his estates in Galloway, in which capacity he became an intimate
friend of the King of Scotland and his young son, who married the
daughter of Henry III. We are indebted for the above note on
Philip Lovel to Mr. George Lovel Harrison, the well-known authority
on the Lovel pedigree.

132

LUTTERWORTH

Thomas BilHo, LL.B., Sept. 4, 1745 .

David Meyrick, Aug. 27, 1782 .

^ Hon. Henry Ryder, D.D., inducted Aug

29, 1801

Johnson, Rev. R, H., M.A., 18 16
Wilkinson, Rev. W. F., M.A., 1870 .
Tarlton, Rev. T. H., M.A., 1879-88 .
Stokoe, Rev. T. H., D.D., 1889-93 .
Alderson, Rev. Canon, 1893-1907
Alderson, Rev. M. F., M.A., 1908 .

King George II.

King George III.

■Queen Victoria.

King Edvi'ard VII.

^ The Hon. Henry Ryder, D.D., who was rector of Lutterworth from
1801 to 1814, was the youngest son of Lord Harrowby. He was
promoted to the see of Lichfield and Coventry. There is a tablet to
his memory, as we have seen, over the pulpit in the church ; but in spite
of the Christian virtues there ascribed to him, he is remembered as a
man of somewhat pompous bearing, or rather of that assumed meekness
which gives the impression of a conscious superiority. In this connex-
ion an amusing incident is recorded of him. Prior to his departure
from Lutterworth he went to pay a farewell visit to an old parishioner,
then an inmate of the almshouses at Ashby Parva. The old woman
was deploring his departure, but was met with the assurance that the
bishop-designate was the recipient of a divine call which he had no
alternative but to accept. " Well, sir," was the ingenuous retort, " if
the Lord had called you to Little Ashby, I reckon you would have been
a long time a-hearing Him ! "

Although not a rector of Lutterworth, we may add at the end of these
notes that it was during his curacy of Lutterworth that the Rev.
Hampden Gurney composed that well-known hymn, " We saw Thee not
when Thou didst come to this poor world of sin and death."

XXIII
NOTABLE LUTTERWORTH EAMILIES

I IKE many another place, Lutterworth is rich
in the record of families who, though
^'perhaps never attaining to great wealth or
influence, have remained on the spot for generations.

The earliest parish registers, which date back to
1653, disclose names still familiar to us. In point
of antiquity, perhaps the Bakers take precedence.
The name of Thomas Baker appears as witness to
a conveyance of property in High Street as far back
as 1 3 14, and again in the reign of Richard II we fmd
Jane, the wife of Thomas Baker, granting lands to
William Filding (Feilding), Esq. The name of this
family appears in the parish registers from their
commencement, and in 1683 we find them amongst
the founders of the Contrreo-ational Church. Mr.
Thomas Baker is the present representative.

The Hudsons, too, have a most interesting
connexion with the town extending over three
hundred years. The earliest dated tombstone in the
churchyard is to the memory of John Hudson, in
1628. The last member of the family j)assed away
in 1910 in the person of Miss Hudson, who died at
Leamington. A peculiar interest attaches to this
family in the fact that for generations they held

"33

134 LUTTERWORTH

(under the lord of the Manor) the sole right to sell
corn and bread to the inhabitants of Lutterworth.
The street or lane in which they resided, now known
as Baker Street, was formerly called Bakehouse Lane
because it was the place of the bakehouse, and there
is a record in existence that in the reign of Charles
II this family was supplying corn and flour to the
Earl of Denbigh. To this family belonged the Mr.
Thomas Hudson who, in the year 1859, presented
what has long been described as the "Wycliffe
Font" to the Leicester Museum. This is a singular
fact in the light of the present antiquarian assertion
that the so-called font is in reality an ancient corn
measure.

From the family of Hudson we may turn to that
of Cameron, the first member of which, a certain
John Cameron, came to Lutterworth from Scotland
in 1745. He died in 1793 at the advanced age of
ninety-one years. His descendants still reside in the
town and hold the belief that their ancestor was
present at the siege of Carlisle. What may be
corroboration of this has recently come to light in the
discovery, during the construction of Lutterworth
Railway Station, of a medal commemorating this
siege dated 1745. In olden times the site of the
station was Allotment Gardens, known as "Orange
Hill," and it is possible that the medal may have
belonged to the old soldier who lost it while working
upon his allotment here. The medal has been sent
to the Royal United Service Institution Museum,
Whitehall, London.

We have already had occasion to mention the
Rev. Richard Wilson. He was a member of an old

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xNOTABLK LUTTERWORTH FAMILIES 135

and well-known Westmoreland family, and in addition
to being master of Sherrier's School and curate of
Lutterworth was rector of Desford. He was a man
of great piety and goodness, and was known as " the
St. John " of his time — an incident commemorated in
the small stained-glass window to his memory in the
chancel of the church.

One of Mr. Wilson's dauQ'hters married Mr.
Francis Burges, the representative of a very old
Leicestershire family who were flourishing at Melton-
Mowbray as far back as the reign of Richard IL
This gentleman, who was son of Mr. Francis Burges
of Atherstone, practised as an attorney in Lutter-
worth. He resided at the house in Church Street
adjoining that now occupied by the Misses Buszard
— one of the few houses in Lutterworth presenting
any architectural features worthy of preservation.
He had two children, a son and a daughter. The
son, likewise named Francis, became a lieutenant in
the 83rd Regiment and served in the Peninsular
War under Wellington, but was wounded in an
engagement prior to Waterloo. The surgery of
those days was not what it is now, and although the
bullet was extracted the effects of the wound re-
mained with him for the rest of his life and in all
probability shortened his days. A curious incident
is related concerning his watch, chain, and seals.
These he lost on the battle-field, but they were
subsequently picked up and returned U) him. On
his death in 1S25, unmarried, the Burges property
passed to his sister, who had in the meantime married
the eldest son of Mr. Goodacre of Ullesthorpe. It
was this Mr. Burges who built Lutterworth House.

136 LUTTERWORTH

Although never himself actually a resident in
Lutterworth, Mr. Goodacre of Ullesthorpe was
intimately connected with the place, having established
a banking firm here in partnership with Mr. Marston
Buszard of Lutterworth. There is a story related
of how Mr. Goodacre saved the bank from disaster
upon the occasion of a panic. What brought about
the run on the bank is not recorded ; but that it took
place is certain, and equally so is it that Mr. Goodacre
was fetched post-haste from Ullesthorpe. As soon
as he arrived he took up his stand at the entrance
to the bank, greeting each depositor as he arrived
with a hearty shake of the hand and expression of
profound gratitude for the pains he had been at to
come to personally testify his confidence in him. To
no purpose the anxious depositor endeavoured to
disabuse the banker's mind of the motive attributed
to him ; Mr. Goodacre persisted in his generous
interpretation, and until at length for very shame,
or perhaps from an ill-defined sense that he was in
reality performing a praiseworthy action which it
would ill become him to disown, the client desisted
and returned to his home with more misgivings
than cash. However, it is only fair to add that he
was accorded a little more than words, for Mr.
Goodacre caused a wheelbarrow full of guineas to
be ostentatiously wheeled in at the front door of
the bank — a performance which was repeated at
intervals during the day, the same guineas doing duty
on each occasion. The bank survived and continued
to flourish for some years, until it again lighted upon
evil days, when the hand which had steered it through
the first storm was no longer at the helm, and it met

|OH\ (;OOI>.\< KK. i;S(j.. Ol" I'I.I.KSIHoRI'K

I I II I>IN' . !m\ii: i\ I.I I II i<\\((K 1 II < iiri.;( II

NOTABLE LUTITRAVOUTII FAMILIES 137

with disaster. On the death of his brother-in-law,
Mr. Goodacre, the eldest son of the above gentleman,
took up his residence at Lutterworth House, where
he resided until his death in i860. He was a man
of somewhat eccentric habits, but in this respect was
far surpassed by his brother, Mr. Robert Goodacre
of Ullesthorpe, whose doubtful fame extended far
beyond the confines of Leicestershire. Mr. Robert
Goodacre, or " Bob Goodacre," as he was familiarly
called, was a late example of that class which has
happily now gone out of fashion — the rowdy country
squire. The stories related of him are innumerable,
but we can only here refer to two which have special
connexion with Lutterworth.

It was a hot, thundery day. " Bob" was visiting
his brother at Lutterworth House, and at his sugges-
tion, to cope with the passing sultriness, the two
walked into the town to the local barber's to reappear
in a short time without a hair on their heads! It is
difficult to conceive what the qualifications for the
lunatic asylum were in the early part of the nineteenth
century.

The other story relates to the visit of a worthy
clergyman, who had ridden over from a distance to
lunch at Lutterworth House. " Bob " was there
and somehow contrived, unobserved, to anoint the
hoofs of the guest's steed with aniseed. Mr. Goodacre
of Lutterworth kept a pack of beagles at the time,
and no sooner had the clergyman set forth on his
homeward journey than he found himself pursued by
the ycljjing pack. Unable to conceive the cause, he
set spurs to his horse and is reported to have arrived
in his parish in a desperate plight. Mr. Goodacre

138 LUTTERWORTH

served the office of High Sheriff for Leicestershire
in the year 1849, and was the last High Sheriff of
the county to have the whole complement of twenty-
four javelin men. Owing to the escape of a debtor
during the last week of his shrievalty, he became
involved in extensive litigation, out of which the only
satisfaction he derived was the providing his country
with a leading case on sheriff law — a distinction he
was by no means disposed to assess at a high value.
Mrs. Goodacre continued to reside at Lutterworth
for some years after her husband's death. Later she
removed to London, and on her death in 1887
Lutterworth House was sold and eventually became
the property of Mr. Lupton T. Topham, who now
resides there the greater part of each year.

We have seen that Mr. Goodacre of Ullesthorpe
had as his partner in the Lutterworth banking
business Mr. Marston Buszard of Lutterworth.
This revives the memory of an early member of a
family to which Lutterworth has perhaps more reason
to be attached than any other family of modern
times. Dr. Buszard, son of Mr. Buszard the banker,
resided in the house in Church Street still occupied
by his daughters, and was in his day one of the best-
known and most highly respected medical prac-
tioners for miles round. He had two sons, both of
whom have risen to eminence in their respective
professions — Mr. Marston Clarke Buszard, K.C., the
present Recorder of Leicester, and Dr. Frank Buszard
of Northampton.

Among other families whose connexion with
Lutterworth dates back a hundred years may be
mentioned those of Watson and Fox (solicitors

NOTABLE LUTTERWORTH FAMILIES 139

and attorneys), Cowdell (architect), Footman (wine
merchant). Bosworth, Childs, Kilpack. Lea, Morris,
Paddy, Sanders. Bottrili, Smart, Wormleighton, Ihffe,
Granj^er, Buswell, Langham, and Rainbow.

Although there is but one name of the first rank
to which Lutterworth can lay undisputed claim, yet
its streets have been trod by one who has enthroned
himself in the nation's heart, and within its immediate
neighbourhood is a little-known and little-visited
shrine. At Shawell Rectory the great Victorian
bard penned his immortal " In IMenioriam." Mr.
Elmhirst, then rector of Shawell, was a native of
Tennyson's Lincolnshire village, and it was to his
boyhood's friend that the poet came with his burden
of sorrow. The great puffs of tobacco smoke with
which he mellowed his thoughts, however, proved
insufferable to his host, and he was accordingly
turned out into Mr. Elmhirst's workshop in the
garden, which in consequence became the birthplace
of one of the gems of English literature.

XXIV
WILLIAM GREEN

BY the kindness of Major Stoney-Smith we are
enabled to reprint from The Green Tiger
the followinQT interesting: recollections of a
Lutterworth militiaman : —

" Mr. William Green was well known in Lutter-
worth and afterwards in Leicester, where he died at
the advanced age of 962- years, on the 27th of January
1 88 1, He served seven and a half years in the
Regular Army ; but as this period was in the height
of the Peninsular War, his experiences were much
varied and he saw much of the hardships of that
arduous campaign. He first saw service at Copen-
hagen, for which in later years he received the sum
of ;^3, 1 6s. 2d. as his share of prize money; he
subsequently took part in the retreat to Corunna,
the battles of Talavera, Fuentes de Onoro, and
Busaco, the storming of Badajos (where he was twice
wounded) and Giudad Rodrigo, and (in 1849) received
the silver Peninsular Medal with four bars — Badajos,
Corunna, Busaco, and Ciudad Rodrigo.

" William Green was born in the parish of Lutter-
worth, on the 7th of June 1784, and enlisted in the
Leicester Militia, at the age of 19, in June 1803,

serving with them in their long embodiment on the

140

WILLIAM GREEN 141

south coast of England until April 1805 at Dover
Castle.

"In an account of his reminiscences, he states:
While on the march northwards towards Harwich, I
volunteered in the latter month (April) with 150 of
my comrades at Chatham to join the old 95 ih (now
the Rifle Brigade).

" Having completed my rifle drills I proceeded
on active service. An expedition under the command
of General Don was being fitted out for Germany,
and we embarked and sailed from Ramsgate on the
5lh of November. For fourteen days we had a
pleasant voyage, and then a dreadful storm arose.
Three or four vessels foundered with all hands, others
were wrecked on the French coast, and some were
driven back to England. The gale continued for
two days. During the night a vessel fouled us and
did considerable damage, the coppers were washed
overboard, and when daylight broke we found we
were close to the island of Hclicroland, and next
day landed at Cooks haven (? Cuxhaven) in Low
Germany, from whence we marched to Bremen.
After a short stay we again embarked at the latter
end of January 1806 at Cuxhaven without having
seen any fighting, and after a rough voyage reached
Yarmouth Roads, where as a climax to our mis-
fortunes the ship went down. The pilot who had
come on board succeeded in running our ship on a
sandbank. She soon began to fill with water, and
not being copper bottomed soon went down. Signals
were made with the shore for boats to come off for
us, and eventually we were all safely landed. It
happened that the transport was the personal properly

142 LUTTERWORTH

of the captain, who, when the disaster happened,
vowed he would hang the pilot from the yard-arm ;
but the latter eluded the wrathful sailor and managed
to get put on shore in the first boat. We marched
next morning to Lowestoft, and all we saw of our
sunken ship was the masts rising above the level
of the water. My first voyage was distinctly an
eventful one.

" We stayed a few days in Lowestoft, and then
marched on to Woodbridge and afterwards to Col-
chester. In April 1806 I made my second voyage,
the company I belonged to (with two others) marching
to Harwich and accompanying Sir John Moore to
Sweden. We anchored in Gottenberg Harbour ; but
negotiations with the Swedes proving abortive, we
returned to Colchester.

" My next trip was to Copenhagen in July 1807.
We had a pleasant voyage across the North Sea and
anchored off Elsinore Castle, and next day sailed up
the sound towards Copenhagen and embarked in flat
bottomed boats and landed without any opposition
on the part of the enemy. The sailors were instructed
to conform to our drill movements, in consequence of
which we heard many novel and amusing impromptu
words of command, such as 'come up starboard,'
' fall back larboard,' and 'come up both ends and go
back in the middle.'

"On the i6th of August, when some 15 or 20
miles from the city, a guide was procured and
entrusted to me and my comrade, and we were
ordered to draw our swords by Sir Arthur Wellesley
to persuade him to lead on. Eventually we reached
Copenhagen, and the division to which I belonged

WILLIAM GREEN 143

received orders to attack a strong force of the Militia
which was up country. We found them at a place
called ' Keogh ' encamped about 14,000 strong. The
RiHes attacked in extended order, and ultimately the
charge of the Highlanders (79th and 92nd) completed
their rout, and they dispersed. They could not run
far as (except the officers) they were all shod with
wooden shoes. I believe they were all taken
prisoners. That night, while on sentry go at
Rosskeel, I saw the light which announced that
Copenhagen was on fire ; at first I thought it was
the rising moon,

" I embarked on board the Agamemnon (64
guns), which had been severely handled at Trafalgar
and still showed signs of it, and landed at midnight
in lighters at Dover. We could not get billets there,
and in consequence marched to our old quarters —
Hythe barracks — some 12 miles away. After a short
stay we marched to Colchester.

"In April 1808 we marched to Portsmouth, and
then sailed from Spithead for Spain. Fortune again
did not favour us with a pleasant voyage, and we
were forced by stress of weather to put into Vigo Bay
in the north of Spain. We then sailed for the
Burling Lslands, and landed at a place called Vimiero
on the 28th of August — seven days after the famous
battle had taken place between Sir Arthur Wellesley
and General Junot. An armistice had been declared,
and ultimately Junot withdrew his troops to Lisbon
and embarked on board our shi[)ping and returned
to France.

"After they had sailed we crossed the river Tagus
in boats, and marched to Salamanca in Spain. The

144 LUTTERWORTH

army was about 25,000, under the command of
General Sir John Moore. We lay in convents.
After a stay of about two months we marched farther
into Spain and were accommodated in the villages.
One moonlight night we were ordered under arms
and had marched some 7 or 8 miles when we were
met by a Spanish guide, and orders were given to
march to our respective cantonments. Thus com-
menced the ever-memorable retreat to Corunna. It
commenced on the 23rd of December 1808 ; a lot of
snow had fallen, and as one of the regiments of the
Light Division, it fell to our lot to cover the retreat
of the army.

" Soon the French Cavalry, pushed forward by
Marshal Soult, were close up to our rear and teasing
us from morning until night. Their cavalry had a
rifleman mounted behind each dragoon, who dis-
mounted from time to time when opportunity occurred
or suitable cover (bushes, rocks, etc.) presented itself,
and fired a few shots at our rear-guard, obliging us
to do the same thinor. We had used to laugh to
see the rifleman run to the road, put his foot into
the stirrup, mount behind the dragoon, and gallop
off — for many days it was sport, and we served off
several of these fellows ; but it soon got tiring and
monotonous, especially as afterwards we had to run
to get up with the regiment.

" It was a long march to Corunna — a good 250
English miles. We had no tents ; each man carried
his own blanket ; we always marched from daylight
to dusk, and for rations bullocks were driven before
us and slaughtered as they were needed, and conse-
quently had little or no fat on them, and were very

Wir.LIAM GREEN 145

tough. However, we counted more on the soup, if
we had time to boil our mess well. It was not often
we could do this, as we had no shelter and we seldom
halted for more than two hours, and, having to seek
wood and water, very often the order to get under arms
would come before we had time to cook our victuals.
Many days we had no bread, and our spirits got very
low with hunger and fatigue.

" We had to muffle the gun wheels with grass, or
anything else we could find, to prevent the enemy
hearing us move, as well as lighting large fires, while
we silently stole off in the darkness. This was the
game we had to play many nights, as the French
advance euard was seldom more than half a mile
behind. Our captains were all mounted, but the
lieutenants had to walk, and I have seen some of
them moving along fast asleep until they jostled into
some of the men and awoke. As the roads were
very bad, our rate of progress was slow, I think not
more than two miles per hour. Our colonel had
orders for us to throw away our knapsacks, but we
were to keep either the greatcoat or blanket as we
preferred. We did not mind parting with our kits,
which we left by the roadside. Even then we had
enough to carry — fifty rounds of ball-cartridge, thirty
loose balls in our waistbelt, a flask, and horn of
powder, and a ritle and sword, the two weighing
141b. What with empty bellies and an enemy close
on our heels thirsting for blood, many of our men sat
down in the sncnv by the roadside and gave up.
Those who could use tobacco held out the best.

" We arrived one morning at a place called Lugo,
and before we had entered the place some of the
10

146 LUTTERWORTH

Foot Guards were cooking with their belts hanging
on the bushes. It appeared that Sir John Moore
had halted here with the object of offering to give
Marshal Soult battle. Some of the Guards asked us
if we had seen the French. Our answer was, ' Yes,
and so will you soon ! You had better get on your
belts and lay by cooking.' However, they would
not be convinced the enemy were so near, but before
we reached our billets we and they heard plenty of
shots fired. We got a good night's rest, with plenty
of rations, bread, and meat, and wine. Soult declined
to accept a general action, and twenty-four hours
later we continued our march, after having destroyed
by fire all remaining stores. There was still fourteen
English leagues yet to cover before Corunna was
reached.

" Two days later, at a place called Kankabella, the
French Cavalry closed up and nearly took Sir John
Moore and his staff prisoners. We retired through
the town, and made a stand near the bridge, which
checked the enemy. We extended in chain order as
it was orettingf dark, and in the darkness missed the
main road, and got amongst some grape vines. I
fell into a well some five or six feet deep, which was
fortunately free from water, and before I could get
out two of my comrades fell on top of me. We were
pulled out, but I had the misfortune to lose my hat,
cap, and forage cap, and the lock-cap of my rifle, as
well as breaking my sword in its scabbard in my fall.
I was greatly stunned by the accident, and thought
at first I had broken my thigh. I lay down a few
minutes, and then tried to walk, and eventually
struck the main road. The French advance guard

WILLIAM GREEN 147

came so close that they were able to fire their pistols
at our men. I was so lame that I soon fell behind,
and dropped on the grass by the roadside. They rode
past me, and, as my uniform was green, did not see
me. Our men gave them a few shots, and they
wheeled to the ' right-about.' I thought, ' Now my
doom's a French prison,' but again they did not see
me. I got up, but it was some time before I could
overtake the party. Cold, capless, and lame, a sorry
spectacle I must have looked as I told my misfortune
to my captain, and all the sympathy I got was, ' It
is a good thing you didn't break your neck.'
Presently we overtook some mules loaded with some
general's baggage, and I saw a glazed hat tied on
one of the mules, which I promptly annexed and
tried on, but it was so large that it came over my
eyes. I padded it with some grass, and it did very
well. About midnight we turned into a chapel
already occupied by some Hussars and their horses.
We were so jammed and crushed all could not lie
down, but before daylight we were on the march
again. We soon overtook a cart loaded with some
English stores, including boots and shoes. The oxen
drawing the carts were knocked up, and could go no
farther, so the cargo was distributed amongst us, 1
got a pair of boots. I put them on, and threw
my old ones away ; but before I had walked four
miles the bottom of one boot dropped uff, the upper
leather remaining laced round my ankle. Three or
four miles farther on the other boot bottom dropped
off, and I had to walk barefoot, as my stocking feet
were soon all cut to pieces. I was not alone in this
predicament : many of the men were served in a like

148 LUTTERWORTH

manner. The boots were manufactured in England,
and we said that the soles had been glued or pegged
on, as there could not have been any wax or hemp
used. The person who contracted with the Govern-
ment ought to have been tried by court martial,
and awarded a good flogging with a cat-o'-nine-
tails. Next morning some of our officers were
offering the men a guinea for a pair of boots or
shoes. As the baggage goods had been all thrown
away, they had none, and were in as bad a plight as
the privates.

"We had now arrived within four leafrues of
Corunna, and my company was on outlying picquet.
When daylight broke we saw the French advance
guard come into sight at full trot, and we retired and
joined the regiment, blowing up the bridge behind us
as we passed.

"On the 1 2th of January 1809 we came in sight
of the city, and as the enemy had not yet made his
appearance we made fires and cooked our meat,
took off our belts, sponged out our rifles, and got
a fresh supply of ammunition. As knapsacks, razors,
and kits had been thrown away, some of the older
men had beards like Jews, not having shaved during
the whole of the retreat. And now another disaster
awaited us to add to all our sufferings from hunger,
cold, and the long march of 250 miles in the face of
the enemy ! The shipping could not get round from
Vigo Bay to take us on board, the wind being
contrary. (There were no steamers in 1809.)
Marshal Soult's force increased, and on the morning
of the 1 6th it was reported he had 70,000 men to
our 20,000. The previous day, the wind having

WILLIAM GREEN 149

slightly shifted, the vessels had been able to work
round from Vigo Bay to Corunna Harbour, and Sir
John Moore, having blown up his magazines, gave
orders to embark. The afternoon passed quietly,
and as evening approached we lit our fires and
lay down in our cloaks to await for morning. At
daybreak it was evident that Soult was preparing for
an attack, and as we were attending with our camp
kettles for our daily wine, a cannon-ball was fired at
us from the French. Our bugles sounded the
advance, away went the camp kettles, the command
was given, ' Rilles in front, extend by lines in chain
order.' We soon got in range, and began to pick
off the enemy, who were double and treble our
numbers, and held thcni in check until the Light
Division formed into line. The roar of cannon and
the roll of musketry was so loud that words of
command could be scarcely given and the sound of
the bugle hardly heard. We were about 14,000 to
some 60,000 or 70,000, and fought most desperately,
especially as the enemy had deprived us of our daily
ration of wine. We were well supplied with powder
and ball, and our sharpshooters were enabled to
make use of the many enclosures of stone walls,
which they loop-holed, and obtained good cover,
behind which we fought from 2 till 6 p.m. It then
became dark and the firing almost entirely ceased.
We then made some fires for the night, and remained
on the battle-field until five o'clock in the morning,
when order came for us to move into Corunna. We
were the last regiment to leave the battle-field. The
French, noticing our fires getting low, were soon on
the alert. W'c marched throu-'h the streets to the

ISO LUTTERWORTH

harbour, the boats from the men-of-war and trans-
ports pushed off to the shore to take us on board.
What confusion there was ! Many of the Hussars'
horses were galloping about like mad things on the
beach ; they had to be left, there not being time to
embark them ; several were shot, or we should have
been ridden down or trodden to death.

" By this time Soult had got six pieces of cannon
playing on the vessels which were at anchor and on
the boats on which we were. We got into any ship
or boat we could. The grape-shot from the French
guns came through the rigging of the ships as well
as among us in the boats. But presently a line of
battleship weighed her anchor, and sailed within
range of the French guns, and crippled four out of the
six. I think this was the Bellerophon. At length
a signal was made for the master of transports to cut
their cables, leave the anchors, and get out of the
harbour. We were mustered next morning — sixty-
one men, rank and file, and one sergeant, belonging to
the twenty-nine regiments.

"After a rough passage of eighteen days we
arrived at Spithead on the 3rd of February, and
marched next day to Hillsea barracks some three
miles from Portsmouth, en 7'oute for our head-quarters
— Hythe, in Kent. Such a lot of ragamuffins were
surely never landed here before. Some of my
comrades landed at different ports, and some — less
fortunate — were wrecked off Plymouth. It was
nearly three weeks later before we all assembled.

" Orders were now issued authorizing the Militia to
volunteer, and we received a good share of them.
We expected that we would have a long respite from

WILLIAM GREEN 151

war, but it did not prove so, for the men who had
joined us from the Militia had scarcely learned their
rirte drill before the ' route ' came for us to embark
at Dover. On the 24th of May 1809 ^'^ went on
board at Dover, and next morning" sailed for Spithead,
where we received from London our new knapsacks.
We had previously received two guineas per man for
loss of our kits in the Cprunna campaign.

"We again sailed, and after a good passage of
only four days arrived off Lisbon. Our line of
march was through Portugal into Spain, and as we
had orders to join Lord Wellington as soon as we
could, we had on some days to do double stages to
accomplish this. It was in the month of July, and
very hot ; the open fields were our beds and our
knapsacks our pillows, no tents being carried on this
long march. At length we arrived some eighteen
or twenty miles from Talavera, and heard the roaring
of the cannon. We marched the whole of the night,
with the exception of two hours' halting for rest and
to cook our two days' meat, and arrived about 6 a.m.
on the morning of the 29th, only to find the battle
had been fought on the previous day. Lord
Wellington came a mile or more to meet us, and
we received orders to take the advance post amongst
some olive trees on the other side of the river. . . .
We could buy nothing to eat ; our rations were
scanty. We had been accustomed to a pint of red
port served to each man daily, but here none could
be had for love or money, it is true we could get
meat every day, as the bullocks were driven before
us, but neither bread nor wine could be obtained ; we
were six or seven days without tasting bread. We

152 LUTTERWORTH

sometimes encamped under ' acorn trees ' after a
long day's march. A certain number of men would
be appointed to each tree to pluck the acorns, which
were much larger than those at home ; they were
then boiled in the camp kettles, and, when the husks
peeled off, tasted something like a potato.

• ••••••

"We had now orders to march to storm Badajos,
a frontier tovv^n in Spain. . . . The breaches were
effected on the 5th of April (181 2), and the following
night we turned out to storm the town. The
'forlorn hope' consisted of 350 men, all volunteers,
and six buglers, two from each reg^iment. Our buQ-le-
major made us cast lots which two of us should go,
and the lot fell on me and another lad (I had learned
to bugle whilst at Torres Vedras to take the place of
a bugler who had been killed. It must be under-
stood we had no drums or fifes, two buglers to each
company, and three to the two flank companies).
Those who composed this forlorn hope were free
from duty that day, so I went to the river and had
a good bathe, as I thought I would have a clean skin
whether killed or wounded. At nine o'clock, we
paraded after dark, and each man received half a
pound of bread and a gill of rum. We were told to go
as still as possible, and every word of command was
given in a whisper. I had been engaged in the field
about twenty-six times, and had never previously got
a wound. We had about a mile to go to the place
of attack, and on the way bags filled with grass had
been placed for each man to pick up as he passed
along to throw into the ditch to jump on that we
might not hurt or break our legs when we jumped

WILLIAM GREEN 153

into the ditcli. which was some eight or nine feet
deep ; a party followed in rear with short ladders to
be put into the ditch and to be carried across to our
men, to ascend to the surface near the wall.

"There was no firing from the enemy until we
arrived at the ditch, and all had been still so far ; but,
as the bags were thrown and the men descended, the
enemy threw up blue lights and poured a volley
down upon us. I was in the act of throwing my bag
when a ball struck me, going through the thick part
of my thigh, and, having my bugle in my left hand,
it entered my left wrist and I dropped, so I never
got into the ditch. I scarcely felt the ball go through
my thigh, but when it entered my wrist it was more
like a six-pounder than a musket ball. It smashed
the bone, and as I was bleedinij from both wounds
I soon began to feel very faint. Our men were in
the ditch, and the enemy had taken the precaution to
have loaded shells placed on the top of the wall
about two yards apart. As these were fired they
rolled into the ditch, and when they burst ten or
twelve men were blown up in every direction.
However, some of them arrived at the breach, but
a great many both killed and w(junded lay around
me ; the balls came very thick about us, and we were
not able to move ; at length the whole of the Light
Division came past us and made for the breach. In
a short time the firing from the wall slackened, and
those who could move got up ; 1 was enabled to
hobble to the rear, holding my left hand with my
right one, as the ball had entered the joint of my
wrist. I thought I was safe and out of reach of shot
from the enemy, but soon found out my error as a

154 LUTTERWORTH

shower of grape-shot came over my head and only
just missed my cap. I had moved a short way from
where I was at first, and had sat up for a short time,
but through loss of blood from my wounds I was glad
to lay down again. In a short while four bandsmen
of some regiment came up, and, finding me wounded,
carried me on stretcher to the doctor.

"On the loth all the wounded were put into
carts drawn by oxen, six in each cart, to be conveyed
to Elvas in Portugal, some twelve miles distant ;
there we were put into convents, each man having
a bed. This was the first nio-ht I had lain in a bed
since 24th May 1809, nearly three years before.
The ball in my hand was extracted on the 12 th
day. Eventually I got to Lisbon, and embarked on
the 17th of July for England, from which I had been
absent five years.

" We landed at Portsmouth on 3rd August after
a voyage of seventeen days, the result of contrary
winds. We were sent to Haslar Hospital, and after
three weeks those of us who could march sailed over
to Southampton, and from thence to Chelsea. Here
I remained thirteen weeks before my turn came to
pass the board at the Hospital : there was so much
waiting. I received ^3, i6s. 2d. as my share of
prize-money for the capture of Copenhagen in 1807,
and on the 9th of December 1812 passed the board
and was pensioned off with 9d. a day.

" I returned to my native town, Lutterworth ;
but it was not until the year 1849 that I received the
silver medal with four bars. In 1853 my pension
was increased to is. a day."

XXV
AMOS DRAKE MILES, a.r.a.m.

IN the fields of literature, education, and music
Lutterworth has made its mark on the outer
world. Around the 'fifties, the Woodwards long-
maintained a hio^h level, before removino- to Darlinor-
ton ; and the descendants of Mr. Richard Seward
are to-day a power in scholastic life. With such local
exponents as Jarman, of Shawell, John Ball, of
Walcote, and Charles Dones, with his genial smile
and his "chello," the musical art could not languish.
Then, the district provided, and preferred, its own
interpretation of the "Masters." But one dominant
personality attracted alike vocalists, instrumentalists,
and audience. Yes ; the memory of William Flude
is still dear to many of the passing generation.
Every inch a musician, eager, sometimes impetuous,
his "verve" was an all-compelling force. He emi-
grated, and the gap seemed a wide one. But his
mantle had fallen upon one pupil, destined to out-
rival the teacher.

For nearly two centuries the name of Miles has
been known, hereabout, in this connexion. While
yet a child, Amos Drake Miles, eldest son of Mr.
George Miles, gave proof of no ordinary musical

ability. At nine years of age his recitals on Broad-

«$s

156 LUTTERWORTH

wood's "grands" at the Great Exhibition of 1851
held hundreds entranced. Scarcely had he reached
manhood when he was appointed organist and choir-
master of the parish church. Its restoration, in which
Mr. A. D. Miles took an active interest, was followed
by a marked improvement in the morale and ability
of the choir, a spirit of healthy emulation being thus
produced in the entire district. Very soon sixteen
neighbouring church choirs were in training, under
the superintendence of Mr. Miles ; and the first
District Festival of the Peterborough Choral Associa-
tion, held at Lutterworth in October 1869 (nearly
three hundred voices), was a distinct success. Anxious
to encourage the organist in his work, the musical
fraternity helped to meet the cost of improvements
and re-erection of the organ, willing aid being also
rendered by distant friends. A series of concerts of
a high order of merit was given in the Town Hall,
the "band" consisting of Mr. G. Frearson (leader),
Messrs. G. Vears, sen. and jun., H. Vears, and
T. Moreton. Until the autumn of 187 1 the annual
Choral Festivals well maintained their reputation.
In the winter of that year, acting upon the suggestion
of the Rev. A. R. Goodacre (formerly of Lutter-
worth House), then holding a curacy at St. Mark's,
Grosvenor Square, London, Mr. Miles applied for
the vacant post of organist and choirmaster of that
church. The candidates included several eminent
professors — quite an array of talent — for the organ
is a splendid three-nianual, by Bishop, with great
traditions. The congregation, it need scarcely be
said, is one of the most aristocratic in the West End.
After a short trial Mr. Miles was selected for the

AMOS DRAKE MILES 157

appointment. From the entire neighbourhood of
Lutterworth came both congratulations and expres-
sions of regret. Notably, the Mechanics Institute
voiced this feehng at a farewell entertainment. Mr.
Miles shortly entered the Royal Academy of Music,
passing a searching examination by Sir W. Sterndale
Bennett. His efficiency as a teacher of the organ,
pianoforte, and singing ensured a connexion in the
most select circles, while his enoairements as con-
ductor of Choral Classes, in and near London, left
him little leisure. Nevertheless, love for his native
town kept him in touch with its Choral Festivals for
another two or three seasons. In 1874 the Rector
and his friends pressed him to return, but without
avail. The possibilities of London were too great ;
and with prospective structural alterations at St.
Mark's came the promise of a still more responsive
instrument.

On two occasions in 1S76 Mr. Miles took part,
by request, in private drawing-room concerts at
Windsor Castle. At the first, the Prince and
Princess of Wales (King Edward and his Queen)
were present, and on 26th Dec. Queen Victoria,
Princess Beatrice, and other members of the Royal
family.

But, while honours were being showered, health
was breaking. Myopia had doubtless accentuated
a certain weakness of the lungs, and, all too ^oon,
it was only by short periods of enforced rest that
physical strength could be maintained. So busy a
life left no reserve of vitality.

After an outlay of nearly ^^700 on the organ at
St. Mark's, Mr. Miles had the gratification of display-

158 LUTTERWORTH

ing its powers at the reopening, in Jan. 1877, and
for some months later. But the "white man's
scourge " was inexorable, although sea air and treat-
ment brought some alleviations. Under the care of
eminent specialists, hope once more returned. At a
benefit concert, arranged by musical friends to lessen
pecuniary anxieties, the artists included such names
as Terry and Bernhardt, a striking proof of the
esteem in which Mr. Miles was held.

The end came peacefully on 28th Jan. 1878, in
the Royal Sanatorium for Consumption, Ventnor,
Isle of Wight. In the beautiful cemetery there, a
suitable memorial stone briefly records the facts. It
was erected by Mr. C. H. Gates, with whom Mr.
Miles spent some early years.

XXVI
SPORTS AND PASTIMES

IT is difficult to say which form of sport enjoyed
in Lutterworth takes precedence in point of
antiquity. In the year 1257 John de Verdun
obtained the King's charter of free-warren for all his
demesne lands in Newbold Revel, Lutterworth,
Bittesby, Cotesbach, and Kesington (Cossington) in
the county of Leicester.

The privilege of free-warren was that " within that
liberty no person should hunt or destroy the game of
hare, partridge, or pheasant, or fish without the leave
of him to whom the said privilege was granted, on
forfeiture of ten pounds " — an exceedingly heavy
penalty in those days.

A pastime which goes back to very ancient days
is the game of bowls. This has been played in
Lutterworth from time immemorial, and the old
bowling-green attached to the "High House" of
the first Feildings is still in existence at the back of
High Street. Here, if we care for a moment to give
the rein to fancy, we can picture Sir Geoffrey and
his lad)', in the strange modes of the thirteenth
century, trundling the sapient ball, and later, perhaps,
the austere rector himself watching with lenient eye

the innocent recreation of his poor preachers, for were

•59

i6o LUTTERWORTH

not the priests of old devotees of the game ? Perhaps,
too, from his hospital across the river would occasion-
ally stroll the Prior of St. John's, and many another
one whom we have had occasion to mention in the
course of these pages doubdess frequented the spot.
Next to the Parish Church there is no more classic
ground in Lutterworth than this old bowling-green
with its ancient yews.

In more modern times the bowling-green became
attached to the " Denbigh Arms," and was the scene
of many social gatherings.

We now turn to football, a game with as ancient
a lineage as the game of bowls. We have a clear
record of its existence in Wycliffe's time. Writing
of the death of Edward III in 1377, the historian
laments the decline in the practice of archery amongst
the people.

"Every man," he says, "in the feudal ages of
England, who did not possess land of the value of
40s. a year, used to be required to qualify himself as a
bowman, and the practice of archery in the villages
from boyhood upwards produced the famous bowman
that cleared the fields of Crecy and Poitiers of all
opponents.

" That art is now neglected and the people spend
their time in throwing stones, wood, or iron, in playing
at handball, football, or club-ball, in bull-baiting and
in cock-fighting, and in more or less useless and
dishonest games."

For ages past football has been played at Lutter-
worth on what is known as " the Parson's Leys." A
hundred and fifty years ago it was the custom to play
football here every Sunday afternoon at 2 o'clock.

SPORTS AND TASTDIES i6i

It was a rough-and-tumble game that was played, and
had little affinity to the scientific game of to-day.
The football itself was the joint product of the
shoemaker, who found the leather, and the butcher,
who supplied the bladder.

Another sport held in great esteem by our fore-
fathers was prize-fighting. Under this heading we
may include pugilistic encounters of all sorts, whether
for money or in settlement of some dispute. In
Lutterworth certain fields were set apart for these
encounters, which were conducted with something
akin to legal sanction.

When the parish was enclosed in 1790 a parcel
of land adjoining the Gilmorton Road was left un-
enclosed. This was the local arena. This piece of
land, now converted into allotment ground, is situated
exactly opposite the Police Station, and was in olden
times called the " Bull P"ield " because a bull, the
common property of the parishioners for breeding
purposes, was kept there.

Prize-fights were frequently organized with
champions of neighbouring villages, and at times
the sport soared above the level of drunken fisti-
cuffs into the realm of "the noble art of self-
defence."

The Mill Meadow just over the Swift Bridge was
the scene of memorable fights, as was also the top
of the hill on the Rugby Road.

We of to-day have come to regard such exhibitions
as brutal and degrading, but, for all that, they served
a purpose in the history of our nation, and were the
school in which was nurtured that "indomitable
pluck " which, under Wellington, wiped out the Grand
II

1 62 LUTTERWORTH

Army of France and led to the peace of Europe and
the predominance of Great Britain.

Thomas Winter, better known as "Tom Spring,"
the first great champion prize-fighter, was connected
by marriage with, and well known in, Lutterworth,
and was an ancestor of Mr. T. C. Bodycote, who
possesses a fine portrait of him.

Lutterworth also enjoyed another sport now
entirely vanished, namely, the hunting of ducks by
trained dogs. This was carried on in the old mill
stream. Duck-hunting meetings were of frequent
occurrence here in the cold weather, and were largely
attended. Both dogs and ducks were brought from
the neighbouring districts. The former were confined
in a yard on the banks of the stream known as the
*' Dog Yard," which continued in existence until the
coming of the Great Central Railway and the diversion
of the stream. The ducks were liberated and hunted
by the dogs in heats, the dog killing the largest
number being declared the winner of the first prize.
As was usual in olden times, a convivial evening
followed the gathering.

It is possible that the sport led to the establish-
ment of a special breed of spaniel, for in a book
published in 1906 called The Sporting Spaniel, by
C. A. Phillips and R. Claude Crane, we read —

" In the early part of the last century Lord Rivers
is spoken of as having a well-known strain of Black
and White Cocker Spaniels, which were much prized
on account of their working qualities : but of these
unfortunately no further description is given from
which we are enabled to form any opinion, and
although the Black Spaniel is spoken of by Arcussia

SPORTS AND PASTIMES 163

in the sixteenth century, the first really authentic
knowledee we have of a definite strain is that of the
Lutterworth breed in Leicestershire, which was the
possession of Mr. Footman. It was from this strain
Mr. F. Burdett founded his kennel of Black Cockers,
and from this foundation have sprung the various
strains of the Cocker and Field Spaniels of the
present time."

XXVII
CRICKET

TO such eminence in the realm of cricket has
Lutterworth attained that the subject demands
a section to itself.

Unfortunately no record has been preserved of
the founding of the Lutterworth Cricket Club, but a
diligent search of the files of the Leicester Journal
discloses the fact that a match was played between
Lutterworth and Rugby on the school ground at
Rugby as far back as 1839, resulting in a victory to
the home team.

Misterton Park, the " Hawk's Nest Meadow,"

on the Gilmorton Road, and " Illiffs Field," on the

Coventry Road, were among the first playing-

grounds of the Club, and it was not until about

the year 1850 that it settled down in its present

quarters near the Rectory. In its earlier days

in its new home the field was let to one Tom

West, who was accustomed annually to lay it

to hay, and in consequence the commencement

of the cricket season had to be deferred until

the hay was carried — often not until the month

of July. In the early 'seventies the Club itself

became tenant of the field, and the game has

164

CRICKET 165

flourished there ever since on a well-kept ground all
the season through.

In the year 1843 there came into the district a
gentleman destined to have a great influence upon
the cricket of the town and neio^hbourhood, in the
person of the Rev. Edward Elmhirst, the friend of
Tennyson, a fine all-round sportsman and rare
example of the old English gentleman. Before
coming to reside at Shawell Rectory Mr, Elmhirst
had been a member of the Cambridge University
Eleven, and in 1S4S kept wicket for the Gentlemen
of England z'. the Players in their annual match at
Lord's.

The accession of this stalwart player resulted
in Lutterworth's memorable victory over Leicester
in 1850, when, disposing of their opponents for 39
runs, they scored 248. ]\Ir. Elmhirst played a fine
innings of 106, supported by Tom Dickins with 47.
On this occasion, according to a contemporary
report, "the straight underhand bowling of Mr.
Buswell and the slow over-hand — not to say 'over-
shoulder' — of Mr. Read lowered the wickets of the
Leicester Gentlemen for more than ordinary short
score."

But, great as was this feat, it was to be outshone
by the classic victory of 1859, when Lutterworth
went forth and inflicted upon the whole county an
almost equally crushing defeat. Fortunately we
are able to furnish our readers with the full score
of this remarkable match. It was played in the
month of August 1859, upon Barker's ground in
the Ilumbcrstone Road, Leicester (a site now
long since covered with streets and houses), and

1 66

LUTTERWORTH

resulted in a victory for Lutterworth by an innings
and 143 runs.

LUTTERWORTH

The Rev. E. Elmhirst, c Martin, b Storey, jun,
M. T. Martin, Esq., c Mitchell, b Davis .
J. T. Beasley, Esq., b Mitchell .
F. Watson, Esq., not out ....
J. Buswell, b Monson ....

F. W. Goodacre, Esq., c Storey, b Monson
W. H. Longhurst, Esq., c Mitchell, b Rowley
J. Fisher, Esq., c Lester, b Rowley
F. Buszard, Esq., b. Mitchell
T. H. Watson, Esq., b Rowley .
W. Read, c Martin, b Mitchell .
H. Watson, Esq., b Mitchell

Byes 6, Leg-byes 5, Wides 14

Total

8

30
o

170

24

4

13
I

5
o
o
2

25

282

LEICESTERSHIRE

First Innmgs

W. E. White, Esq., b Martin i?

The Rev. R. Rowley, b Read 4

H. J. Davis, Esq., nm out o

J. Storey, Esq., jun., ill 5

Hon. D. Monson, c Buswell, b Martin .... 4

R. A. H. Mitchell, Esq., b Martin 6

W. R. Martin, Esq., c and b Martin 4

A. L. Phillips, Esq., b Buswell 5

A. Lester, Esq., b Martin o

J. Storey, Esq., run out 3

F. H. Paget, Esq., not out 16

The Rev. — Sharp, c T. H. Watson, b Martin . . 2

Bye I, Wides 2 3

Total. ... 69

CRICKET

167

Second Innings

W. E. While, Esq., c Martin, b Read
The Rev. R. Rowley, c Goodacre, b Read

H. J. Davis, Esq., not out

J. Storey, Esq., jun., ill

Hon. D. Monson, b Martin ....
R. A. H. Mitchell, Esq., c H. Watson, b Beasley
W. R. Martin, Esq., run out ....
A. L. Phillips, Esq., c F. Watson, b Read
A. Lester, Esq., absent
J. Storey, Esq., Ibw, Read
F. H. Paget, Esq., b Read
Rev. — Sharp, b Martin .

Byes 2, Leg-byes 2, Wides 2

Total

I

15
4
o

2

14
iS

5
o

3
o
2

6

70

The correspondent of the Leicester Journal, who
waxes facetious, tells how the County Hon. Secretary
had to ransack, not merely the whole of the county
to find a team worthy to meet the men of Lutter-
worth, but to go out into the adjacent counties to
supplement his own. Surely there is material here
for a local epic, and Lutterworth has risen to the
occasion.

THE FLANNELLED "FLOWER OF LUTTERWORTH"

The golden moon had b.ircly set,
And Night to Morning given birth,
When through the silent street there passed
The flannelled " Flower of Lutterworth."

No trumpet brayed ; no tocsin rang ;
No warrior gave his battle rail :
Their arms in carpet-bag they bore —
A willow wand — a leather ball I

1 68 LUTTERWORTH

3

The day wore on from hour to hour,

And busy Rumour went and came,

But when the shades of evening fell

The quest was still " How goes the game?"

4

At length a mighty shout arose,
The news leapt forth from tongue to tongue ;
It reached " The Fox " ; it reached " The Hind,"
And high the rustic's cap was flung.

5
"The Denbigh" yard was all astir.
And Ely Lane was thronged with men :
Not oft, I trow, such crowds were seen
In Lutterworth from nine to ten.

Not oft, I trow, since laurelled coach
Brought tidings of the French defeat
Was there such joy in every house,
Was there such mirth in every street.

7

For low the County's stalwarts lay ; —
A single innings wiped them out —
White, Rowley, Storey, Paget, Sharp —
'Twas meet that Lutterworth should shout !

8

And loud above the din at times
One heard the name of Watson lead,
And then the praise of Martin sung.
Of Elmhirst, Buswell, Buszard, Read.

9

And late in tavern and in inn
The bowl went round that night with mirth ;
With thrice three cheers for those brave men, —
The flannelled " Flower of Lutterworth."

Between the years 1860-70 the Lutterworth Club
was exceptionally strong. The advent of Dr. Fagge

I

CRICKET 169

to the town added a fine all-round cricketer, as did
that of Canon W'illes to Ashby Magna about the
same time. The latter, an old University Blue, was
reputed the fastest bowler in the country. Mr. T. P.
Monnington, Captain of Marlborough College Eleven,
the first cricketer to score over 400 runs in a single
innings, was also a member of the Club at this time,
but perhaps the best remembered of all is Mr.
Charles Marriott. Born at Cotesbach Hall in 1S48,
much of his early cricket was learned at Lutterworth,
and, proceeding to Oxford, he became a member of
the University Eleven. Subsequently he captained
many a fine match at Lord's for the M.C.C. In 1873
he was elected Captain of the Lutterworth Club and,
with his late brothers, the Rev. G. S. Marriott and
Mr. J. ^L Marriott, Mr. R. W. Gillespie-Stainton,
Alfred Buswell, T. Green, and others, formed an all-
conquering team for many years. In 1873 Mr. Charles
Marriott was elected Captain of the County Club, and
continued to successfully fill that post for fourteen years,
ranking as one of the finest batsmen in the county.
For some years he and his brothers and Alfred Buswell
formed the backbone of the county team.

Although it cannot be asserted that the Lutter-
worth Club has in recent years maintained its former
high standard, yet it has produced more than one
fine cricketer, and at the present day Lutterworth is
proud to claim as one of its sons the well-known
county and international cricketer J. II. King.

Among those whose names appear in ihe earlier
records of the Club was Mr. John Parsons Cook,
whose tragic end leads us to our next section.

XXVIII

THE MURDER OF JOHN PARSONS

COOK

IT is a big drop from the heroics of the last
section to the sordid crime which forms the
subject of the present. But this world is full
of contrasts, and the faithful historian knows no
partiality.

Among the earlier members of the Town Cricket
Club, as we have said, was John Parsons Cook, and
between the years 1850 and 1855 the Club had few
keener supporters. He was a native of Catthorpe,
a village about five miles distant, and son of a land-
owner there. Educated at Rugby, he was destined
for the law, for which learned profession, however,
he failed to qualify. Both his father and his mother
died during his minority, and on attaining the
age of twenty-one years he found himself possessed
of a fortune of some ^15,000. At this time he was
making his home with Dr. William Henry Jones,
a surgeon living in a house in Lutterworth at the
bottom of High Street, now known as "The
Springs " on account of an abundant supply of water
which passes through the premises.

Mr. Cook took an active part in the social life of

the town, and was widely known and respected. He

170

THE MURDER OF JOHN PARSONS COOK 171

was a first-rate cricketer, a capital oar, and hunted
regulaHy with the neighbouring packs. Stories of
his HberaHtv to workino;--men members of the Cricket
Club are still remenibered, and he had many friends.
In person he was a fine, gentlemanly looking young
fellow.

Remembering the circumstances in which he was
placed, it is not perhaps surprising to find that he
became connected with the turf, and at the time to
which this section relates owned a few racehorses
and betted rather heavily. Amongst the acquaint-
ances which he formed in racinfT circles was a Dr.
Palmer, a surgeon in practice at Rugeley, who also
owned racehorses and was a most desperate gambler.

In tlie month of November 1855 Mr. Cook
owned a horse named " Polestar," with which he had
just won a race at Worcester and which he had
entered to run at Shrewsbury on the 13th November.
He was in high spirits about the forthcoming race,
which he felt confident of winning, and he invited his
friend Dr. Jones to accompany hini to Shrewsbury.
At the race meeting they were joined by Dr. Palmer
and a Mr. Read, who acted as a sort of private
secretary to Mr. Cook, settling his betting accounts
when he did not do so himself. Mr. Fisher, a turf
commission agent, was one of the party, as was also
Mr. George Herring, who afterwards became the
noted millionaire.

The race in which the party were interested came
off about 3 o'clock, Polestar winning easily. This
meant a good deal to Mr. Cook, who had betted
heavily upon his own horse. His book showed
/^2 200, and the stake won was of the value of ^^424.

172 LUTTERWORTH

Mr. Cook was naturally elated, and Dr. Jones
records that for some moments after the race he
was so overcome with emotion that he could not
speak. Next day the party met again at the Raven
Hotel, Shrewsbury, and dined there in celebration
of the victory of the previous day, Dr. Jones leaving
immediately afterwards for Lutterworth.

At the dinner Mr. Cook asked Dr. Palmer to
have some brandy and soda, to which the latter
replied, " I won't have mine until you've drunk yours."
Cook thereupon answered, " Lll drink mine at
once," which he proceeded to do.

A minute or two later he said, "There's some-
thing in it which burns my throat dreadfully."

Palmer examined the glass and declared that
there had been nothing wrong with the contents, but
subsequently Mr. Cook informed Mr. Read that he
was feeling very ill and handed over to him the money
he had on his person, some ii'700 or /^8oo in notes,
with instructions to take care of it. Later the party
proceeded to Rugeley, Mr. Cook staying at the
"Talbot Arms" where he was well known. Here
he continued seriously ill, and Dr. Palmer, whose
house was opposite, tended him, affecting the greatest
concern. It is true he called in another physician,
an aged practitioner over eighty years of age, but,
as the evidence subsequently taken clearly disclosed,
he insisted upon administering all the medicines
himself and into each dose placed a deadly poison,
as he had done into the brandy and soda at Shrews-
bury. Up to this point there appears to have been
no suspicion of the diabolical plot to which the
unfortunate young man was to fall a victim. Palmer

THE MURDER OF JOHN PARSONS COOK 173

attended him and waited upon him with the greatest
solicitude, but it was observed that after each fresh
dose of medicine the patient became worse.

At this stage (Sunday the i8th November)
Pahner wrote two urgent letters to Lutterworth, one
addressed to Dr. Jones and the other to Mr. William
Footman of High Street, an intimate friend of the
prostrate man. The letter to Dr. Jones was pro-
duced at the great trial at the Old Bailey where the
murderer was convicted, and that to Mr. P^ootman is
still preserved, and by the kindness of ]\Irs. Footman
we are enabled to give a copy of it.

After fifty years it is much faded. It is written
on one side of a small piece of paper, now yellow
with age, and reads as follows : —

" Mv DEAR Sir, — Mr. Cook was taken ill at
Shrewsbury and obliged to call in a medical man.
Since then he has been confined to his bed with a
very severe bilious attack combined with diarrhoea,
and I think it is advisable for you to come and see
him as soon as possible. — Yours faithfully,

" Wm. Palmer

••RUGELEY, Nov. 18, 1855.

"Mr. Footman"

Dr. Jones was ill on Monday, and consequently
unable to go to Rugeley until Tuesday, when he found
his young friend in bed at the "Talbot Arms" and
apparently more comfortable than he had been for
some time. The same evening, however, following
the administration of two pills by Palmer, Cook was
seized with sudden pains, and died in agony.

Palmer's conduct during the last days of his
victim's life had an important bearing upon the result

174 LUTTERWORTH ^

of his trial. It subsequently transpired that on the
Monday he had rushed up to London for " settling
day," and by means of a forged letter had obtained
all the bets and stakes which Mr. Cook had won at
the Shrewsbury races. Then, taking express train,
he had reached home the same night and at once
purchased three grains of strychnine from one of the
two local chemists, acquiring another six grains the
next morning from the other. With these he com-
pleted his deadly work.

Palmer's behaviour at the inquest first brought
suspicion to his door. The jar containing the organs
for analysis was evidently a matter of concern to him,
and he went the length of offering the postboy who
drove the carriage containing it to Stafford ^lo to
upset and smash it. Further, between each adjourn-
ment of the inquest, he sent the Coroner presents of
game and fish, but this device was of no avail, and
the Coroner's jury found him guilty of the murder of
his former friend. By a subsequent Coroner's jury
Palmer was also found to have murdered his wife,
Anne Palmer, in 1854, and his brother, Walter Palmer,
in 1855.

He was brought to trial at the Stafford Assizes
in March 1856, on the charge of murdering Mr.
Cook, but so bitter was the local feeling against him
that the trial was removed to the Old Bailey in
London. It commenced on the 14th May 1856
and lasted a fortnight, and is one of the most cele-
brated criminal cases in the annals of the English
Law.

Lord Chief Justice Campbell presided, the other
judges being Baron Alderson (grandfather of the

THE MURDER OF JOHN PARSONS COOK 175

present rector of Lutterworth) and Mr. Justice
Cresswell. In the end the prisoner was found guilty,
condemned to death, and executed in front of
Stafford Gaol on the 14th of June 1S56.

Such an unenviable notoriety did Rugeley acquire
throuofh this crime that Lord Palmerston, the Prime
Minister, is reported to have been petitioned for
leave to change 'the name of the place and to have
returned the laconic su^rcrestion that it should be
renamed after himself.

Palmer is said to have been the son of a wood-
cutter at Rugeley, but, on the other hand, we find it
stated that he inherited an ample fortune. He was
educated at the Grammar School there, and later
walked St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

In addition to the murders actually brought home
to him there was a strong suspicion that he contrived
the deaths of his mother-in-law, a friend named
Leonard Blandon, and four of his own infant children.

John Parsons Cook was buried at Rugeley, and
an impressive sermon on the text, " Sin, when it is
finished, bringcth forth death" (James i. 15), was
preached by the Rev. Charles Lee in St. Mary's
Church, Bilston, on the Sunday following the
execution of his murderer, and was afterwards printed
and sold for the benefit of the Fund for Building
Christ Church Parsonage, Leicester. What strange
fowl laid the stones of some of our ecclesiastical
buildings I

XXIX
MECHANICS INSTITUTION

THE record of the establishment of the
Mechanics Institution has been preserved in
a book published in London in the year 1852
by the Rev. John Hampden Gurney, the well-
remembered poet-preacher who, at that time, was
rector of St. Mary's, Mary-le-bone. The book in
question is a book of historical sketches, and in the
preface, addressed to his friend Thomas Edward
Dicey, Esq., of Claybrook Hall, the author mentions
how together they "helped to set up a Mechanics
Institution in the little town where I was labourins'
as curate." This little town was Lutterworth, where
Mr. Gurney left lasting record of his labour.

It appears that the Mechanics Institution was
founded as far back as 1840, and when first formed
had its earliest meeting-room and library in a house
in High Street next to the present post office.

Mr. Dicey was its first president, and the object
of the institution was " to provide healthful instruction
and rational entertainment " for the town.

Mr. Dicey was a man of literary attainments and

father of the Mr. Dicey who holds a high place

amongst our present-day authors, and has held the

important position of editor of the London Daily Neius.

176

MECHANICS INSTITUTE 177

When first established, Mr. Gurney strongly
opposed the placing of newspapers upon the reading-
room table, as he maintained that the information
which they contained was not all good for public
morals, but the Times and one or two local papers
were eventually admitted. A library was gradually
formed, and at one time contained no less than a
thousand volumes. After a few years in High Street
the reading-room was removed to the Sherrier's
Schoolhouse, at that time occupied by Mr. George
Binns, the head master. Here it continued for many
years until it found a fresh home in an upstair room
in a house at the corner of High and Church Streets.

Mainly owing to the influence of Mr. George
Sale Wardley, the present Institution Building was
erected by the Town Masters out of public funds and
leased to the institute as tenant in 1877.

As a library it has long ceased to be of use, but
as a meeting and recreation room it still does good
work, and at the present time, under the presidency
of Mr. L. T. Topham, is in a healthful condition.

13

XXX

THE HORTICULTURAL AND COTTAGE
GARDENERS SOCIETY

LIKE most other public institutions in Lutter-
worth, this Society dates back many years,
and after diHgent inquiry at the time of
its jubilee in 1910, so far as could be ascertained
it was found to be one of the oldest, if not the
oldest society of its kind in the country. Its shows
have been held annually, without a break, since its
foundation in i860.

The Society was promoted by a small body of
Lutterworth men, who felt that good would be done by
raising the level of horticulture in the district. Their
names were Dr. Charles Bond, Messrs. G. S.
Wardley, W. Footman, and J. Gilbert, with Mr.
Thomas Brown as hon. secretary and Mr. W. S.
Ivens as treasurer.

For many years the annual show was held on
the bowling-green, but this delightful spot proving
too small, the venue was changed some twenty-five
years ago to the cricket-ground on the Coventry
Road, where it now forms one of the annual events
of the district.

X7S

XXXI
THE GOOSEBERRY SHOW SOCIETY

CLOSELY allied to the Horticultural Society
is the Gooseberry Show Society, the records
of which have been carefully preserved since
the year 1818. It is clear from the opening leaf of
the earliest minute book that this book is itself the
continuation of an earlier book, so to what date the
Society goes back is unknown.

Apparently some of the Coles were among
the earlier members, if not actual promoters, of
the Society, Richard Cole being secretary at the
commencement of the first preserved minute
book.

All the early gatherings of the Society were held
at the " Wheat Sheaf Inn," an ancient hostelry
whose licence was taken away many years ago. It
stood in the present Station Road, near the Town
Hall, It was a two-storied thatched building of
brick and timber, with bow windows facing the street,
and standing a little way back from the roadway.
Immediately in front stood the old public pump, now
removed to a short distance.

In this house the gatherings of the Society were
held from 1818 to 1842 without a break, but in 1843

>79

i8o LUTTERWORTH

we find the " Lion Hotel " appointed as the head-
quarters of the Society. This old inn stood exactly
opposite the " Denbigh Arms " in High Street. A few
years later it was rebuilt, but its prosperity was short-
lived, for it ceased to exist as an inn when the coaches
were taken off the road.

After a year's absence the Society returned to the
** Wheat Sheaf" and continued to hold their meetings
there until 1847 when the inn would appear to have
been closed.

Then followed a year at the "Denbigh Arms,"
after which the Society took up its quarters at the
old '♦ Ram Inn."

In the year 1826 carnations were added to the
gooseberry show, and this was continued for a few
years.

The early rules of the Society are enlightening as
to the social habits of the time. Members absent
from meetings were fined is. to be spent at the
meeting. The amount spent on drink at each
gathering is recorded, and the signatures of some of
the members disclose very unsteady hands.

In the earlier years the heaviest gooseberry
appears to have averaged about 18 to 20 dwt. (troy),
but in later years this was easily surpassed.

In 1853 it is recorded that Mr. Richard Cole
had a red gooseberry ("Wonderful") which weighed
33 dwt, but it unfortunately broke before the day
of the show.

In recent years a fine average has been main-
tained, and it has come to the lot of Mr. William
Granger to produce the heaviest berry in the country
two years in succession. In 1901 he exhibited a

THE GOOSEBERRY SHOW SOCIETY i8i

remarkable example of a "Leveller," which weighed
^$ dwt. lo grains, the heaviest gooseberry yet pro-
duced by the old Lutterworth Gooseberry Show
Society, and (with one exception) the finest berry
mentioned in the records of the National Gooseberry
Society.

XXXII
LOCAL CHARITIES

IN the Appendix we give a copy of the Report of
the Charity Commissioners on the Lutterworth
Charities, dated the 17th November 191 1. Here,
therefore, it is only necessary to say a word or
two about one or two of the more important.

And first we may take Sherrier's School, which
has now been absorbed by the official educational
establishment. This school was founded under the
terms of a bequest in the will of the Rev. Edward
Sherrier, of Shawell, dated the 25th January 1730.
The income at one time amounted to ^260 per
annum.

Another Charity which has likewise been applied
to other purposes was bequeathed by Robert Poole
by will dated 2nd May 1699, and had for its object
the excellent intention of apprenticing poor boys
to specific trades.

And lastly we may mention here the magnificent
gift to the town by Mrs. Feilding Palmer of the
Cottage Hospital, which has so far, we rejoice to say,
escaped confiscation. It was given in memory of her
late husband, the Rev. Feilding Palmer, and was
conveyed to a trustee upon trusts enabling the
management trustees to use the premises as a

Z82

LOCAL CHARITIES 183

Cottage Hospital for the benefit of the poor inhabit-
ants of parishes within the Lutterworth Petty Sessional
Division.

In 1900 the late Mr. James Percival Cross, who
was then a trustee, placed in the hands of the trustees
/isyi, 15s. id., to be applied for the purposes of the
Hospital, and the following pecuniary bequests have
been received : Miss A. M. Clowes, ^50, Miss
Heap, ^200, Mrs. Frances Emily Palmer, ^500, and
Mrs. Elizabeth Hough, ^^40.

In May 1909 Mr. James Darlington, D. L., J. P.,
conveyed to the Rector of Lutterworth for the time
being two pieces of land adjoining the Hospital and
containing together i acre, i rood, 4 perches, upon
trust, to use the same or the income arising therefrom
for the benefit of the Charity. This gift jirotects the
Hospital from the risk of being surrounded by other
buildings.

Mrs. Feilding Palmer, who died on the 27th of April
19 10 at Eastcliffe, Tidenham, by her will, in addition
to the legacy of ^500 mentioned above, devised all
her land at Lutterworth, comprising nearly 100 acres
on the Gilmorton Road, to her trustees upon trust
to sell the same and pay over the net proceeds to the
Hospital trustees for investment for the benefit of the
Hospital so long as it shall continue to be used as a
Cottage Hospital, with a gift over in the event of its
ceasing to be used as such to the poor members of
the Church of England, inhabitants of Lutterworth.

Since October 191 2 the Charity has been ad-
ministered under a Scheme of the Charity Com-
missioners, which c(jnstitut(.'d a larger body of
Trustees.

1 84 LUTTERWORTH

The present trustees are as follows : — Life
Trustees: Messrs. B. H. C. Fox, J. P., W. G. B.
Pulman, J. Darlington, J. P., D.L., and W. Abbott.
Ex-officio Trustees : the Rev. M. F. Alderson and
Messrs. L. T. Topham, J. P., and F. W. Bottrill
as Rector and Churchwardens of Lutterworth.
Representative Trustees : Mr. J. W. Sanders,
County Council ; Messrs. G. Spencer and J. G.
Nickels, Rural District Council ; and Mr. T. P.
Buck, Parish Council : elected by subscribers of
£i, IS. each, Mrs. Pryce T. Taylor and Mrs.
W. A. R. Young, Mr. J. L. Cross, J. P., and Mr.
J. Blakeley.

A new wing to the Hospital was erected in
1911-12 by subscription, Mr. James Darlington
bearing one-half of the cost.

The Hospital, which is under the patronage of
H.R.H. Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein,
has proved a great benefit to the neighbourhood,
the average number of in-patients admitted during
the seven years 1906 to 191 2 inclusive being 57 a
year, and upwards of 200 out-patients receive
treatment every year.

The object of the Charity is to provide skilled
nursing and treatment, but not the services of
physicians and surgeons, for all classes within the
district, but all in-patients except the very poor
are expected to pay at least a part of the cost of
their maintenance and treatment.

Miss E. C. Alderson and Miss Clara Britton
have been honorary secretary and matron respec-
tively of the Hospital since its foundation.

APPENDIX A

BRIEF FOR REPAIRING THE CHURCH
33 Geo. 2ND A.V. 7

George the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great
Britain, ffrance & Ireland, King, Defender of the ffaith &
so forth 'CO all and singular archbishops & bishops, arch-
deacons, deans, & their officials, parsons, vicars, curates &
all other spiritual persons, & to all teachers & preachers of
every separate congregation & also to all justices of the
peace, mayors, sheriffs & bailiffs constables churchwardens
chapelwardens & stadboroughs collectors for the poor &
their overseers & also to all officers of cities boroughs &
towns corporate & to all other Our Officers & Ministers
& Subjects whosoever they be as well within liberties as
without to whom these presents shall come Greeting.
Whereas it hath been humbly represented unto US as
well upon the humble petition of the Minister, Church-
wardens & Principal Inhabitants of the Parish of Lutterworth
in the County of Leicester as also by Certificate under the
Hands of Our Trusty and WcUbelovcd Charles Doctor

in Divinity William Wright & William Cant John Harper
John Simpson & Joseph Peppin Esquires Our Justices of the
Peace for Our said County of Leicester made at their
General Quarter Sessions of the Peace held at the Castle of
Leicester in & for the said county on Tuesday the Third
day of October last That the Parish Church of Lutterworth
aforesaid is a very ancient structure and that Great Part of
the Walls & Roof thereof are in so ruinous a condition by
length of time that notwithstanding the Parishioners have

Ids

1 86 LUTTERWORTH

from time to time laid out and expended several large sums
of Money in repairing the said Church the said Walls &
Roof must be taken down That by the violence of the wind
the steeple belonging to the said Church was some years ago
blown down which the Parishioners have not been able to
rebuild that the Truth of the Premises hath been made appear
to Our said Justices in their open Sessions of the Peace not
only by the said Petitioners but also by the oaths of several
able and experienced workmen who have carefully examined
the said Church and made an Estimate of the charge
of repairing the same & rebuilding the said steeple which
upon a moderate computation amounts to the sum of One
Thousand One Hundred and Sixty Two Pounds & Upwards
which sum the said Parishioners are not able to raise among
themselves being chiefly Tenants at Rack Rents & Curt-
houses with numerous poor therefore incapable of under-
taking so great a work without the charitable assistance of
well disposed Christians They have therefore most humbly
besought US to grant unto them Our Most Gracious Letters
Patent Licence & protection under Our Great Seal of Great
Britain to impower them to ask collect & receive the alms
& Benevolence & Charitable Contributions of all Our loving
subjects throughout England Our Town of Berwick upon
Tweed and the counties of fflint Denbigh & Radnor in
Wales & from house to house throughout the counties of
Leicester Northumberland & Warwick to enable them to
repair their said Church & rebuild their said steeple UNTO
which their humble request We have graciously con-
descended, not doubting but that when these Our inclinations
for promoting so pious a work shall be made known to our
loving subjects they will readily & chearfully contribute
their endeavours for accomplishing the same KNOW YE
therefore that of Our Especial Grace & ffavour We
have given & granted & by these Our Letters Patent under
Our Great Seal of Great Britain We do give and grant
unto the said Minister Churchwardens and inhabitants
of the Parish of Lutterworth aforesaid & to their deputy

BRIEF FOR REPAIRING THE CHURCH 187

& deputies the Bearer & Bearers here of (authorized as
is herein afterwards directed) full power Licence &
to )'0U the Respective Ministers & Curates Churchwardens
& Chapelwardens to the respective Teachers & Preachers
of every separate Congregation, that >'ou & every of you
under the penalties to be inflicted by the said Act do
receive the same And you the respective Ministers &
Curates Teachers & Preachers arc by all persuasive
motives & arguments earnestly to exhort your respective
Congregations & Assemblies to a liberal contribution of
their charity for promoting so good a work And you
the Churchwardens & Chapelwardens together with the
Minister or some of the substantial inhabitants within
the counties of Leicester Northampton & Warwick are
hereby required to go from house to house upon the week
days next following the publication of these presents to
ask & receive from the parishioners as well as Masters &
Mistresses & servants & others in their ffamilies their
Christian & charitable contributions & to take the names
in writing of all such as shall contribute thereunto & the
sum & sums by them respectively given & to indorse
the whole sums upon the said printed Briefs in words at
length & subscribe the same with your own proper Hands
together with the name of the Parish or Place where &
the time when authority to ask collect & receive the alms
Benevolences & charitable contributions of all Our Loving
Subjects not only Masters & Mistresses but also Lodgers
Servants & Strangers within all & every Our Counties
Cities Towns Boroughs Hamlets Cinque Ports Districts
Parishes Chapelries & all other places whatsoever through-
out England Our town of Berwick upon Tweed &
throughout the counties of fflint Denbigh & Radnor in
the Principality of Wales & from house to house within
the several counties of Leicester Northampton & Warwick
for the good intent & purpose aforesaid And therefore
in pursuance of the Tenor of an Act of Parliament made in
the ffourth year of the Reign of Queen Aiuie instituted [?]

1 88 LUTTERWORTH

I

an Act for the better collecting charity & money on Briefs
by Letters Patent and preventing abuses in relation to such
charities Our Will & Pleasure is and We do hereby (for
the better advancement of those Our pious Intentions)
require & command all Ministers Teachers & Preachers
Churchwardens Chapelwardens & the Collectors of this
Brief & all others concerned that they & every of them
observe the directions in the said Act contained & do in
all things conform themselves thereunto & that when the
printed copies of these presents shall be tendered collected
& to enter the same in the Public Books of Account kept
for each Parish & Chapelry respectively & the sum &
sums collected together with the said printed books so
indorsed you are to deliver to the Deputies & Agents
Authorised to receive the same And We do by these
presents nominate institute & appoint The Right Honour-
able Basil Earl of Denbigh The Right Reverend the Lord
Bishop of Lincoln Sir Thomas Cave Baronet The Reverend
Thomas Billio Rector of Lutterworth The Reverend John
Hanshaw Charles Hutcheson Doctors in Divinity & Richard
Wilson Clerk, William ffielding Esquire Matthew Cooper
James Butler Richard Warner John Cooper Oliver Wright
Thomas Holies John Hague John Adams Richard Tattam
Thomas Stevenson & John Stevenson Gentlemen Robert
Smith & Edward Neale Churchwardens & the Church-
wardens of Lutterworth for the time being Trustees &
Receivers of the Charity to be collected by virtue of these
presents with power to them or any five or more of them
to give Deputations to such collectors as shall be chosen by
the said Petitioners or the major part of them & the said
Trustees or any five or more of them are to make & sign
all necessary orders & do all other reasonable acts for the
due & regular collection of this Brief & Advancement of
the said Charity & to see that the moneys when collected
be effectually applied in repairing their said church and
rebuilding their said steeple And LASTLY Our Will &
Pleasure is that no person or persons shall collect or receive

BRIEF FOR REPAIRING THE CHURCH 189

any the printed Briefs or Moneys collected thereon but
such only as shall be deputed & made the Rearer or
Bearers of these presents or duplicate thereof In WITNESS
whereof we have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent
& to continue in force for one whole Year from Lady Day
next & no longer.

Witness Ourself at Westminster the Twenty fTifth Day
of January in the Thirty Second Year of Our Reign.

BiLLINGSLEY

APPENDIX B
CHARITY COMMISSION REPORT, 17TH November 191 i

In the Matter of the following Charities in the Parish of
Lutterworth, in the County of Leicester

Cotes-Deville Payment, The
Heap, Emma, for Poor

Iliffe, Sarah .

Philhps, Dr.

Ryder, Bishop

Smith, John, for the Poor

Smith, Martha, for Poor

Vernham, George
Watts, Charles

White, Henry

Wigley, Mary, and Others

Foundation before 1674.

Will proved in the Principal Register,

2nd February 1910.
Will proved at Birmingham on 2nd

May 1877.

Foundation about 1809.

Will proved in Leicester on the 19th

November 1866.
Will proved at Leicester on the i6th

September 1870.
Gift before 1673.
Will proved at Lichfield on the 6th

May 1867.
Will proved at Leicester on the 17th

March 1855.
Indenture of Lease and Release,

dated respectively on the 24th

and 25th March 1803.

SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY

Description.

Extent

Tenant, Person Liable, or Per-

Gross Yearly

of Amount.

sons in whose Names Invested.

Income.

£, s. d.

£, s. d.

The Cotes-Deville Pay-

—

S. Pares

I

ment (rent charge

issuing out of the

manor of . Cotes-

Deville)

Charity of Emma Heap

265 18 3

" The Official Trustees

960

for Poor (India 3^

of Charitable Funds"

per cent, stock)

igo

Description.

Extent
of Amount.

Ten.int, Per.-.on Liable, or Per-
sons in whobc Names Inve>led.

Gross. Yearly
Income.

Charity of Sarah Uiffe
(Consols')

Charity of Dr. Phillips
(Consols, part of a
sum of /^245, 5s. I id.
— like stock)

Bishop Ryder's Charity
(two shares in the
cottage and garden
representing the Old
Lutterworth Mill)
Cash

Charity of John Smith,
for Poor (Consols)

Charity of Martha
Smith, for Poor
(Consols)

Charityof G. Vernham :
Rent charges issuing
out of si.\ enclosures
of land containing
40 a. o r. 17 p. at
Lutterworth
Rent charges issuing
out of gardens at
Woodmarket, Lutter-
worth

Rent charges issuing
out of a house in
Church Street, Lut-
terworth

Rent charges issuing
outofthe\'alleyfield-
liitteswell Road,
Lutterworth

Charity of Charles
Watts (Consols)

Charily of Henry White
(Consols, remainder
of the above-men-
tioned sum of £24^,
5s. I id. —like stock)
Charity of Mary Wigley
and Others (Consols)

52

d.
3

103 17 II

3

322

3

313

I

105 2 6
141 8 o

99 7 7

" The Official Trustees
of Charitable Funds "
Rev. Robert Henry
Johnson (deceased)
Matthias Gregg (do.)
William Footman (do.)
The Rector of Lutter-
worth

Do. do.

" The Official Trustees
of Charitable Funds "
Do. do.

Trustee, W. E. J. B.
Farnham

Mrs. Kale Fox

Messrs. M. C. and E.
Buszard

Thomas
Dowel 1.

Walter

"The Official Trustees
of Charitable Funds "
Rev. Robert Henry
Johnson (deceased)
Matthias Ciregg(do.)
William Footman (do.)

" The Official Trustees
of Charitable Funds "

£ s. d.

1 6 o

2 II 8

8 I o
5 6 4

1 o 7

046
046
046

2 12 4

3 10 8

2 9 8

©

Sealed by Order of the Hoard this lyth day 0/
November 191 1.

«9«

APPENDIX C

POPULATION OF LUTTERWORTH

At the Norman

Conquest about

135

1273 .

• • •

350

1550

530

1780

1784

1789

1800

1801

1652

1811

. 1845

1821

2102

1831

2262

1841

2531

1851

2446

1861

2289

1871

2080

1881

1965

1891

1800

1901

1734

1911

1896

193

INDEX

Alderson, B»ron, 174

Alderson, Rev. Canon, and family, 127,

175, 184
Anglo-Saxon period, 9
Anglo-Saxon remains, il
Anne of Bohemia (Queen), 42

Baker family, 25, 26, 133

Banbury, \Vm., murdered, 81

BassettSmith, Mr., 127

Beech Avenue (Stanford Park), 57

Bells, church, 97, 122

Berwick House (gates from), 77

Binns, Mr. G. Atkinson, 51

Blackwell, Mr. T. F., 122, 127

Bond, Dr. C, 178

Borough of Lutterworth, 20

Boundary trees, 100

Bowling-green, 159

Brasses stolen, 129

Bridge (subscription), lOO

Brief for church repairs, 96, 185

Brown, Mr. T., 178

Burges, Mr. F., 135

Buszard family, 136-9

Buszard, Mr.M. C, K.C., 125, 138

Cage, the, 82

Cameron family, 134

Cave, Sir Thomas, 94

Chantry and Guild, 52

Charities, 23, 108, 1S2-4

Charity Commission Keport, 190

Church. See St. Mary's, 29, etc.

Church furniture, ancient, 61

Civil War, time of, 57

Clowes, Miss, 183

Coach traffic, 100- 1

Coins, tokens, etc., old or unearthed,

5-7, 88
Cole family, 60, 179
Congregational Church, 61, loi, 133
Constable's Accounts, 82
Cook, John I'arsons, murder of, 1 70
Com and bread, sale of, 61, 133
Com, growth of, 87

13

Corn-mills, 89
Cottage Hospital, 108, 182-
Cricket, county, etc., 164
Cross, Mr. J. P., 183
Cuck-stool, 82-3

Darlington, Mr. J., 1S3-4

Deakins, Supt., 129

Death-duties, 16

De Guader, Ralph, 13-14

Denbigh, Earls of, 4, S, 67-79, 97. 123

De Verdun family, 16-20

Dicey, Mr. T. E., 176

Doctrines of Wye) iffe, 34-5

Dog-yard, 162

Domesday Book records, 13

Dorset, Marquis of, 21

Duck hunting, 162

Ducking-stool, 82-3

Elmhirst, Rev. E., 139, 165
Ely Lane, 24
Enclosure Act, 100

Fairs, 87

Families, notable, 133

Families, old (summarized), 138-9

Feilding family, 23, 63-79, 107, 1 18

Feilding, Miss Elizabeth, 107

Feilding, Sir Geoffrey, 26

Feilding-Palmer family, 106, 108, 1 19,

128, 182
Ferrers, Lord, and family, iS, 21, 50
Feudal period, 16
Fludc, Mr. Wm., 155
Fonts, 98, 123
Football, 160

Footman family, I20, 163, 173, 178
?"osse-\Vay, 4
Frescoes, 42, 53

Game-laws of 1257, 159
( ;ef>graphic:il features, I
Gibbet, the, 84
Ciifts to charities, 23
Gilmorton watershed, 2

194

LUTTERWORTH

Glass vials, 111-7

Goodacre family, 12, 1 18, 124, 135-8

Goodacre & Buszard's Bank, 136-8

Gooseberry Show Society, 179

Great Central Railway, i, 18

Green, William, 140

Grey family, 22

Grey, Lady Jane, 22

Grey, Lord, patron of Hospital, 17

Gurney, Rev. J. H., 129, 132, 176

Halford family, 60
Hapsburg (Royal Family of), 64
Haunted house, 108
Healey, Miss, 118
High Cross, 4-7
Holy Thursday Fair, 21
Holy Well of St. John, 46
Horses, teams of, 103
Horticultural Society, 178
Hospital of St. John, 17
Hudson family, 133
Huntingdon, Earl of, 21

Industries of town, loi

Innkeeping, 102

Inscriptions on church bells, 123

James I, King (owner of mills), 90

Jewels, Saxon, 11, 12

John of Gaunt, 32

John of Gaunt, fresco, 42-5

Johnson, Rev. R. H., Rector, 1 10

King, J. H., 169
King, Mrs., 61

Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt),

32, 42-5 .
Law, administration of, 80
Law & King, Messrs., 1 18
Law family, 121
Lectern, church, 126
Living falls to Crown, 21
Lodge Mill, and murder, 90, 91
Lollards, 40

London (Lord Mayor of), 65
Looms, 104

Lords of Manor, Norman, 16
Lutter, Lutterberg, 11

Mail-coach, loi

Manor House, 107

Manor of Lutterworth, 14-22, 63-79

Market, grant of, 18, 21

Marriott, Mr. C, 169

Mash, Mr. Stephen, 109

Matilda (Anchoress), 41

Mechanics Institution, 176

Medal unearthed, 134

Mendicant Friars, 37

Meriton, Rev. H., Rector, 96-7

Midland Railway, 5-6

Miles, Mr. A. D., 155

Mills, corn, 89

Miracle Plays, 54

Misterton (possession of), 65

Monks Kirby Church, 66, 95, etc.

Monnington, Mr. T. P., 169

Monuments, church, 127

Monuments, High Cross, 4

Morgan, Mr. E. C, 114

" Morning Star of Reformation, ",'3 2

Music, 155

Name, origin of, 11, 14

Naseby, battle of, 58

Newnham Paddox, 65

Newnham (wrought-iron gates), ^77

Norman period, 13

Notable families, 133

Notable families, summarized, 138-9

Orange Hill, 134
Organs, church, 124

Palmer, William, murderer, 170

Parish Magazine, 7

Pastimes, 159

" Pegged" boots, 147

Peninsular War, 140

Petrifying spring, 2

Pick, Mr. S. Perkins, 50, 127

" Poor Preachers," 40

Population, 15, 20, 27, lOI, 192

Pownall, Archdeacon, 7, III

Princess Christian of Schleswig-

Holstein, 184
Prison, old, 84
Prize-fights, 161
Public-houses, 103
Pulman, Mr. W. G. B., 184
Pulpit, church, 50

Queen Mary, iS, 22

Rebuilding of church, 48
Rectors, list of, 130
Relics, 10, 39, 51, 55
Reredos, church, 127
Restoration of church, 1 10
Ribbon-weaving, 104
Richard II, fresco, 42
Roads, 4, 99

INDEX

195

Roman coins, urns, etc., 6
Roman occupation, traces of, 3
Roman roads, 4

I^ugliyt 57. 164
Ryder, Bishop, 130

Scott, Sir Gilbert, 42-S, 61, 1 10,

123-4
Seward family, 155
Shawell Rectory, 139
Sherrier, Rev. E., 105, 1S2
Sherrier's School, 51, 105, 177, 1S2
Shoe trade, 104

Shuttleworth, Mr. R., 61, S9-91
Simons, Mr. E. J., 6
SfKiniels, breeds of, 163
Spire, church, 29, 94
Spital (or Hospital) Bridge, Estate,

etc., 17, 60
Sports and Pastimes, 159
Spring, Tom, 162
St. John's Holy Well, 46
St. Mary's Church, architecture, 29-31 ;

brief for repairs, 1S5 ; church plate,

126 ; lectern, 126 ; monuments, 127 ;

organs, 124; pulpit, 50; rebuilding,

48; relics, 51, 55; reopening, 117;

restoration, 97-110; spire, 49, 94;

windows, 118
Stanford Hall, 57, 94
Stocking weaving, 104
Stocks, parish, 84
Storm, great, 94
Suffolk, Duke of, 18, 21, 22, 63
Swift, river, 2, 27, 36, 46, 100, 160

Tarlton, Rev. T. H., 122, 125
Tennyson's "In Memoriam," 139
Thompson's /^/'^/(jry of Lutterworth, 14
Tombs, 127
Topham, Mr. L. T., and family, 127,

177
Tovey, Rev. N., 58
Town becomes Crown property, 14
Trade of town, 86

Ullesthorpe Court (museum, etc.), 6,

12, 61
Ullesthorpe, excavations near, 5
Urns, Roman, 7

Venonae, 4-6
Vials, glass, 11 1-7
Vulgate, translation of, 35

Walcote, William de, 19
Wardley, Mr. G. S., 177
Warren, the, 17
Water-mills, 19, 89
Watersheds, 2
Watling Street, 4-6, 100
Walts, Mr. Chas., iiS
Whipping offenders, 82-3
Wibtoft, paved way, etc., 6, II
William of Swynderby, 41
Wilson, Rev. K., 98, liS, 134
Winter, Mr. Thomas, 162
Woodward family, 155
Worsted looms, 104
Wycliffe, John, 32-9
Wycliffe rehcs, alleged, etc., 39, 55

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